Nervous System Flashcards
Fundamental unit of the nervous system
Neuron
Falls asleep very easily
Somnolent
LOC suppressed
Obtunded
What do we need to maintain consciousness?
- Neurotransmitters
- Fuel (glucose)
- Physical connections of the nerves
- O2
- Circulation
2 questions to ask in regards to altered LOC
- Why?
- Is there something I can do about it?
Disruption of balance between inhibition and excitation
Epilepsy
Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
Dopamine
Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
Serotonin
Helps control alertness and arousal
Norepinephrine
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
Glutamine
Protective membranes that cover the entire CNS
Meninges
an atypical pattern of breathing involving deep breathing followed by shallow breathing
Cheyne Stokes
What is the Frontal Lobe responsible for?
- Movement
- Thinking initiation
- Reasoning (judgement)
- Behaviour (emotions)
- Memory
- Speaking
What is the Parietal Lobe responsible for?
- Knowing right from left
- Sensation
- Reading
- Understanding special relationships
What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?
- Vision
- Colour blindness
What is the Temporal Lobe responsible for?
- Understanding language
- Behaviour
- Memory
- Hearing
What is the Brain Stem responsible for?
- Breathing
- Blood pressure
- Heartbeat
- Swallowing
- Alertness/sleep
- Body temperature
- Digestion
What is the Cerebellum responsible for?
- Balance
- Coordination- Fine muscle control
Located in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum
Speech
Located in the occipital cortex of the cerebrum
Vision
Located in the frontal lobes of the cerebrum
Personality and Motor
Located in the cerebellum
Balance and Coordination
Located in the parietal lobes of the cerebrum
Sensory
Operates in the lateral portion of the medulla, pons, and especially the midbrain. Sends impulses to and receives impulses from the cerebral cortex
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
Topographical region of the body surface innervated by one nerve root
Dermatome
Muscle and tissue of the body innervated by a spinal root
Myotome
Afferent nerves transmit sensations involved in touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and position
Somatic Sensory
Voluntary
Somatic
Involuntary
Autonomic
Afferent fibres carry impulses to the skeletal muscles (voluntary)
Somatic Motor
Afferent tracts transmit sensations from the visceral organs
Visceral (autonomic) Sensory
Afferent fibres exit the CNS and branch to supply nerves to the involuntary cardiac muscle and smooth muscle of the viscera (organs) and to the glands
Visceral (autonomic) Motor
