Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ross > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system contains:

A

the brain and the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

peripheral nervous system contains:

A

the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the tissues of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

somatic system

A

This system is voluntary in nature. These nerves collect information from and return instructions to the skin, muscles, and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autonomic system

A

Mostly involuntary functions are con- trolled by this system as sensory information from the internal environment is sent to the CNS, and, in return, motor impulses from the CNS are sent to involuntary muscles: the heart, glands, and organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parenchymal cells, or neurons

A

the cells that carry out the work of the neuron system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stromal cells, or glia

A

the cells that provide a supportive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The brain is divided into four parts:

A

the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

frontal lobe

A

contains the functions of speech and the motor area that controls voluntary movement on the contralateral side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

temporal lobe

A

contains the auditory and olfactory areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensations of touch and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

occipital lobe

A

responsible for vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates voluntary movement but is involuntary in its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The diencephalon is composed of:

A

the thalamus and the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thalamus

A

responsible for relaying sensory information (with the exception of smell) and translating it into sensations of pain, temperature, and touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypothalamus

A

activates, integrates, and controls the peripheral autonomic nervous system (ANS), along with many functions, such as body temperature, sleep, and appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The brain stem is composed of three main parts:

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

midbrain

A

connects the pons and cerebellum with the hemispheres of the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pons

A

serves as a bridge between the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

medulla oblongata

A

regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The spinal cord extends from:

A

the medulla oblongata to the first lumbar vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of:

A

nerves that regulate involuntary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sympathetic nervous system is capable of:

A

producing a “fight-or- flight” response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

parasympathetic nervous system tends to do the opposite of the sympathetic nervous system by:

A

slowing the heart rate, lowering blood pressure, increasing digestive functions, and decreasing adrenal and sweat gland activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

somat/o // somatic

A

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
encephal/o
brain
26
rhiz/o, radicul/o // radicular
nerve root
27
cord/o, myel/o // cordal
spinal cord
28
-cyte
cell
29
-glia
glue
30
-on
structure
31
-stasis
stopping, controlling
32
aphasia
Lack or impairment of the ability to form or understand speech.
33
athetosis
Continuous, involuntary, slow, writhing movement of the extremities
34
dysphagia
Condition of difficulty with swallowing
35
dyssomnia
Disorders of the sleep-wake cycles
36
fasciculation
Involuntary contraction of small, local muscles
37
hypokinesia
Decrease in normal movement; may be due to paralysis
38
paresthesia
Feeling of prickling, burning, or numbness
39
syncope
Fainting
40
ageusia
Absence of the ability to taste
41
agnosia
Inability to recognize objects visually, auditorily, or with other senses
42
agraphia
Inability to write.
43
anosmia
Lack of sense of smell
44
Parageusia
an abnormal sense of taste or a bad taste in the mouth
45
apraxia
inability to perform purposeful movements or to use objects appropriately
46
Huntington chorea
Inherited disorder that manifests itself in adulthood as a progressive loss of neural control, uncontrollable jerking movements, and dementia
47
hydrocephalus
Condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain
48
contusion, cerebral
Head injury of sufficient force to bruise the brain
49
hematoma
Localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue, or space, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel
50
herniated intervertebral disk (HIVD)
A displacement of an intervertebral disk so that it presses on a nerve, causing pain and/or numbness
51
cerebral palsy
Motor function disorder as a result of permanent, nonprogressive brain defect or lesion caused perinatally. Neural deficits may include paralysis, ataxia, athetosis, seizures, and/or impairment of sensory functions.
52
spina bifida
Condition in which the spinal column has an abnormal opening that allows protrusion of the meninges and/or the spinal cord
53
Tay-Sachs disease
Inherited disease that occurs mainly in people of Eastern European Jewish origin; caused by an enzyme deficiency, which results in CNS deterioration
54
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Degenerative, fatal disease of the motor neurons, in which patients exhibit progressive muscle weakness and atrophy; also called Lou Gehrig disease
55
Alzheimer disease
Progressive, neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit an impairment of cognitive functioning
56
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Autoimmune disorder of acute polyneuritis producing profound myasthenia (muscle weakness) that may lead to paralysis
57
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Neurodegenerative disease characterized by destruction of the myelin sheaths on the CNS neurons (demyelination) and their abnormal replacement by the gradual accumulation of hardened plaques
58
Parkinson disease
Progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremors, fasciculations, slow shuffling gait, hypokinesia, dysphasia, and dysphagia
59
trigeminal neuralgia
Disorder of the fifth cranial nerve (trigemina) characterized by stabbing pain that radiates along the nerve. Also called tic douloureux or prosopalgia
60
Bell palsy
Paralysis of the facial nerve
61
epilepsy
Group of disorders characterized by some or all of the following: recurrent seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, and/or loss of consciousness
62
Tourette syndrome
Abnormal condition characterized by facial grimaces, tics, involuntary arm and shoulder movements, and involuntary vocalizations, including coprolalia (kop pro LAYL yah) (the use of vulgar, obscene, or sacrilegious language)
63
encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain, most frequently caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito
64
meningitis
Any infection or inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, most commonly due to viral infection, although more severe strains are bacterial or fungal in nature
65
neuritis
Inflammation of the nerves
66
poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a poliovirus
67
polyneuritis
Inflammation of several peripheral nerves
68
radiculitis
Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve
69
sciatica
Inflammation of the sciatic nerve. Symptoms include pain and tenderness along the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg
70
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Ischemia of cerebral tissue due to an occlusion (blockage) from a thrombus (pl. thrombi) or embolus (pl. emboli), or as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage
71
diplegia
Paralysis of the same body part on both sides of the body
72
hemiparesis
Muscular weakness or slight paralysis on the left or right side of the body
73
hemiplegia
Paralysis on the left or right side of the body
74
monoparesis
Weakness or slight paralysis of one limb on the left or right side of the body
75
monoplegia
Paralysis of one limb on the left or right side of the body
76
paraparesis
Slight paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk
77
paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower limbs and trunk
78
quadriparesis
Weakness or slight paralysis of the arms, legs, and trunk
79
quadriplegia
Paralysis of arms, legs, and trunk
80
meningioma
Slow growing, usually benign tumor of the meninges. Although benign, may cause problems because of their size and location
81
neurofibroma
Benign fibrous tumors composed of nervous tissue
82
neuroma
Benign tumor of the nerves
83
astrocytoma
Tumor arising from star-shaped glial cells that is malignant in higher grades
84
medulloblastoma
Tumor arising from embryonic tissue in the cerebellum. Most commonly seen in children.
85
neuroblastoma
Highly malignant tumor arising from either the ANS or the adrenal medulla. Usually affects children younger than 10 years old
86
cerebral angiography
X-ray of the cerebral arteries, including the internal carotids, taken after the injection of a contrast medium (Fig. 12-22); also called cerebral arteriography
87
computed tomography (CT) scan
Transverse sections of the CNS are imaged, sometimes after the injection of a contrast medium (unless there is suspected bleeding). Used to diagnose strokes, edema, tumors, and hemorrhage resulting from trauma.
88
echoencephalography
Sonography exam of the brain, usually done only on newborns, because sound waves do not readily penetrate mature bone.
89
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Medical imaging that uses radiofrequency pulses in a powerful magnetic field. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is imaging of the carotid arteries using injected contrast agents.
90
myelography
X-ray of the spinal canal after the introduction of a radiopaque substance
91
positron emission tomography (PET)
Use of radionuclides to visualize brain function. Measurements can be taken of blood flow, volume, and oxygen and glucose uptake, enabling radiologists to determine the functional characteristics of specific parts of the brain
92
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
An injection of a radioactive sugar substance that is metabolized by the brain, which is then scanned for abnormalities
93
electroencephalography (EEG)
Recording of the electrical activity of the brain. May be used in the diagnosis of epilepsy, infection, and coma
94
evoked potential (EP)
Electrical response from the brain stem or cerebral cortex that is produced in response to specific stimuli. This results in a distinctive pattern on an EEG
95
multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)
Test that consists of a series of short, daytime naps in the sleep lab to measure daytime sleepiness and how fast the patient falls asleep; used to diagnose or rule out narcolepsy
96
nerve conduction test
Test of the functioning of peripheral nerves
97
Polysomnography (PSG)
Measurement and record of a number of functions while the patient is asleep (e.g., cardiac, muscular, brain, ocular, and respiratory functions). Most often used to diagnose sleep apnea
98
Babinski reflex
in normal conditions, the dorsiflexion of the great toe when the plantar surface of the sole is stimulated.
99
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
Examination of fluid from the CNS to detect pathogens and abnormalities.
100
deep tendon reflex (DTR)
Assessment of an automatic motor response by striking a tendon.
101
gait assessment rating scale (GARS)
inventory of 16 aspects of gait (how one walks) to determine abnormalities.
102
lumbar puncture (LP)
Procedure to aspirate CSF from the lumbar subarachnoid space.
103

Ross (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions