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NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

It is a master control and communicating system of the body

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

branch of medicine that specializes in diagnosing and treating nervous system disorders

A

NEUROLOGY

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3
Q

The mean of nervous system . Also known as “action potential” and “ electrical impulse”

A

Nerve impulse

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4
Q

What are the three functions of nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory function
  2. Intergration
  3. Motor function
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5
Q

It is the analysis and interpretation of sensory inputs and making decisions consciously and unconsciously

A

Intergration

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6
Q

This are the major organs for processing sensory inputs and initiating response

A

BRAIN and SPINAL CORD

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7
Q

This is the specific area of the brain and spinal cord which process particular inputs

A

Control center

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8
Q

It is sending of commands or motor outputs to activate effector organs

A

MOTOR FUNCTION

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9
Q

This includes the brain and spinal cord

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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10
Q

Comprise sensory receptors and all nerves outside the CNS.
Relays information from CNS

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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11
Q

It convey impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors located in the various parts of the body

A

Sensory or afferent division

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12
Q

Associated with muscle , joint and skin

A

Somasensatory receptors

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13
Q

Found in eye, ear, nose and tounge

A

Special receptors

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14
Q

Found in internal organ

A

Autonomic sensory receptors

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15
Q

It carry impulses to the EFFECTOR ORGANS

A

MOTOR DIVISION

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16
Q

✓ regulates activities under
voluntary control
✓ initiates skeletal muscle
actions

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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17
Q

✓ regulates involuntary actions
(e.g. heart rate, BP, body temp.)
✓ involves cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle & glandular tissue

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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18
Q

supports “fight-or-flight” responses or emergency
actions

A

Sympathetic

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19
Q

supports “rest-anddigest” activities

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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20
Q

• collective term for
supporting cells of the
nervous system

A

NEUROGLIA

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21
Q

✓ hold neurons in place
✓ regulate exchange of
substances to & from CNS
neurons
✓ form the blood–brain
barrier to protect neurons

A

ASTROCYTES

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22
Q

✓smallest & least abundant
neuroglia of the CNS
✓ protect against
microorganisms
✓ clear away debris of dead
cells

A

MICROGLIA

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23
Q

produce
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) &
assist in its circulation

A

Ependymal cells

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24
Q

produce &
maintain fatty insulating
coverings called myelin
sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

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25
Q

✓ make myelin sheath of
PNS neurons
✓ aid in axon repair

A

SHWANN CELLS

26
Q

the sheath
around PNS axons formed
by the cytoplasm & nuclei
of Schwann cells; is
essential for the
regeneration of damaged
PNS neurons

A

NEUROLEMMA

27
Q

Sorrounds the cell body of the PNS neurons

A

Satellite cells

28
Q

It is the functional unit of nervous system

29
Q

It is the ability to respond the stimulus and convert it into nerve impulse

A

Irritability or excitability

30
Q

Ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscle or glands

A

Conductivity

31
Q

•branches of a neuron
• also called “nerve fibers”
• collective name for the axon
& dendrites

32
Q

Metabolic center of the neuron

33
Q

• shorter, numerous branches
of the neuron
• together w/ the cell body, are
the receiving or input parts
of the neuron

34
Q

Conduct nerve impulse to another neuron

35
Q

Sites where impulses begin

A

Axon hillock

36
Q

Ending of an axon

A

Axon terminal

37
Q

• a many-layered covering
composed of lipid & protein
• insulates the axon of a
neuron & increases the speed
of nerve impulse conduction

A

MYELIN SHEATH

38
Q

Gaps in myelin sheath

A

Node of ranvier

39
Q

• the functional junction bet.
two neurons or bet. a neuron
& an effector, such as a
muscle or gland

40
Q

• the tiny gap w/c separates an
axon terminal from the next
neuron or effector

A

Synaptic cleft

41
Q

• tiny sacs contained in the
axon terminals

A

Synaptic vesicles

42
Q

the means of communication
at a synapse

A

Neurotransmitter

43
Q

What are the three functional classification of neurons

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
  3. Interneuron
44
Q

Carry impulses from SENSORY RECEPTORS TO CNS

45
Q

Carry impulses from CNS TO EFFECTOR ORGANS

46
Q

Connect motor and sensory and integrate impulses

A

INTERNEURON

47
Q

• clusters of cell bodies of
neurons within the CNS
• called a “center” if with the
same function

48
Q

Cluster of cell body IN PNS

49
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers in CNS

50
Q

Bundle of nerve fiber in PNS

51
Q

dense collection of
myelinated fibers (tracts)
in the CNS

A

WHITE MATTER

52
Q

dense collection of
UNMYELINATED
fibers & nuclei in
the CNS

A

GRAY MATTER

53
Q

• a faster type of conduction
that occurs in myelinated
axons
• the nerve impulse literally
jumps or leaps

A

Saltatory conduction

54
Q

occurs in UNMYELINATED axons
• each adjacent segment of the
plasma membrane

A

Continuous conduction

55
Q

stimulates skeletal muscle
contraction (excitatory at
neuromuscular junctions)

A

Acetylcholine

56
Q

help in
the regulation of skeletal
muscle tone and movement
Pleasure and addictive

57
Q

Encloses the entire nerve

A

Epineurium

58
Q

Covers bundle of nerve fasicle

A

Perineurium

59
Q

Covers each axon

A

Endoneurium

60
Q

Two classification of neurotransmitters

A
  1. Excitatory
  2. Excitability

ANAPHY (2 decks)

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