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The Nervous System > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the nervous system is known as

A

Neurology

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2
Q

Nervous system works with…..

A

The endocrine system to maintain homeostasis (body balance

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3
Q

Two parts of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System
and
Peripheral Nervous System

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4
Q

Central Nervous System is made of…

A

The brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System is made of…

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves arising from the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord

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6
Q

Sympathetic function

A

Accelerates body processes and regulates involuntary activities of smooth and cardiac muscle

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7
Q

Parasympathetic function

A

Slows down body processes

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8
Q

3 Types of Nerves

A

Sensory nerve / neurone
Motor nerve / neurone
Mixed nerve /neurone

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9
Q

Function of Sensory nerve / neurone

A

Carry sensory impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord. They convey sensations of pain, temperature, taste, smell etc

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10
Q

Motor nerve / neurone

A

Carry motor impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. They initiate the contraction of muscles and the action of glands.

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11
Q

Mixed nerve /neurone

A

Carry both sensory and motor nerve fibres. The only place mixed nerves are found in the body is in the brain and spinal cord as cranial and spinal nerves

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12
Q

Neurone structure

A

They have a cell body one long nerve fibre called the axon and several small nerve fibres called dendrites.

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13
Q

Axons

A

Carry impulses away from the cell body

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Carry impulses towards cell body

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15
Q

A synapse

A

The point where two neurones connect or where a neurone connects with its muscle fibre

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16
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulates the axon and protects it from pressure and helps speed up nerve conduction

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17
Q

Neurilemma

A

Surrounds the myelin sheath and helps regenerate the nerve cell

18
Q

Grey matter

A

Outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord

19
Q

White matter

A

Inside of the brain and the outside of the spinal cord

19
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath which speed up the passage of nerve impulses

20
Q

Functions of the Cerebrum

A

Mental activities, memory, intelligence
Interpreting sensations like pain, heat and cold
Initiating and controlling voluntary muscle action

21
Q

Functions of the Cerebellum

A

It is associated with maintaining balance, posture and muscle tone.
Ensures movements are smooth and co-ordinated

22
Q

Hypothalamus location

A

Situated deep within the cerebrum at the top of the brain stem with the pituitary gland attached to its base

23
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, water and metabolism
Centre for drives of emotions such as thirst, appetite, sex, pain and pleasure
It also regulates the pituitary gland

24
Q

Pons varolii function

A

Acts as a link between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum and the spinal cord by transmitting impulses.

25
Q

Medulla Oblongata location

A

Lies between the pons varolii and the spinal cord

26
Q

Functions of the Medulla Oblongata

A

Controls the involuntary actions of the respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor and reflex centres i.e. breathing rate and heart rate

27
Q

How many spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

28
Q

What is the Reflex Arc?

A

A complete pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to response.

29
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

supplies nerves to all the internal organs of the body which are not under our conscious control e.g. heart muscle, smooth muscle of hollow organs

30
Q

What controls the ANS?

A

Controlled by the hypothalamus in the cerebrum, which receives impulses from the Central Nervous System.

31
Q

NEURITIS

A

Inflammation of a nerve, caused by infection, injury, poison, etc. Effect: pain along the nerve’s length and/or loss of use of the structures supplied by the nerve

32
Q

BELL’S PALSY

A

Injury or infection of the facial nerve which subsequently becomes inflamed

33
Q

NEURALGIA

A

Burning or stabbing pain along the course of one or more nerves.

34
Q

SCIATICA

A

Pressure on the roots of the sciatic nerve often caused by degeneration of an intervertebral disc

35
Q

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

A

Progressive disease caused by damage to basal ganglia of the brain and resulting in loss of dopamine (neuro-transmitter)

36
Q

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (also known as disseminated sclerosis)

A

Loss of the protective myelin sheath from nerve fibres in the central nervous system

37
Q

CEREBRAL PALSY

A

Damage to the brain, caused during birth or resulting from a pre-natal defect

38
Q

MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE

A

A rare progressive disorder, in which the motor neurones in the body gradually deteriorate

39
Q

MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMELITIS (ME)

A

Also known as post-viral fatigue or chronic fatigue syndrome

The Nervous System (1 decks)

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