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Rehab > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Which system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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2
Q

Whats a common neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked seizures?

A

Epilepsy

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3
Q

What are the functions fo the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Stimulate skeletal muscles
  • Under voluntary control
  • Consists of single neurons or nerve cels
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4
Q

What is the minimum level of a stimulus required to activate a neuron?

A

Threshold

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5
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

thalamus
subthalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus

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6
Q

What are the two sections of the nervous system?

A

Peripheral and central nervous system

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7
Q

What does the PNS do?

A
  • Consists of sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses
  • Senses stimuli, sends info. to and from the CNS
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8
Q

What does the CNS do?

A
  • Contains the brain and spinal cord
  • Processes, stores and responds to info. from the PNS
  • largest part of the NS
  • within the dorsal cavity
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9
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Sensory - transmits action potential to CNS
  • Motor- Carries action potential & is divided into somatic and autonomic systems
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10
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A
  • stimulates skeletal muscles
  • voluntary
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11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A
  • stimulates cardiac, smooth muscles, and glands
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12
Q

What are neurons?

A
  • nerve cells
  • receive stimuli
  • transmit action potential
  • consists of soma, dendrites, and axons
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13
Q

What are glial cells?

A

major support cells of the NS

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14
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A
  • Gray and white matter
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15
Q

What is white matter?

A
  • consists of myelinated (sheathed) axons & spreads action potential
  • on the inside of the brain
  • on the outside of the spinal cord
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16
Q

What is gray matter?

A
  • includes neuron cell bodies
  • outside the brain
  • inside the spinal cord
17
Q

Explain action potentials.

A
  • Electric signals produced by the cells
  • the main way cells transfer info.
18
Q

What is resting potential?

A
  • no active membrane
  • negative value
19
Q

What is moving potential?

A
  • a neuron being stimulated by another neuron
  • impulses travel away from the dendrites toward the end of the axon through the protein channels allowing ions to pass
20
Q

What is the synapse and what does it do?

A
  • located between where neurons transfer impulses between cells
  • the gap separating the axon from the dendrites
  • action potential arrives at the axon terminal neurotransmitters fill the gap between the axon and dendrites
21
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

22
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

23
Q

What does the brainstem do?

A

connects spinal cord to the brain

24
Q

What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

A
  • a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration of motor neurons
  • causes muscle weakness and atrophy
  • no cure
25
Q

What is alzheimer’s disease?

A

-neurodegenerative disease which is usually found in people over 65
- most common type of dementia
- impairment of memory and eventually disturbances in reasoning, planning, and language
- no curee

26
Q

What is bacterial meningitis?

A
  • infection of the fluid in the spinal cord
  • caused by infection
    -vaccination
27
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A
  • affects body movement
  • abnormalities in parts of the brain that controls muscle movement
  • no cure
28
Q

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A
  • inflammatory disease affecting the CNS
  • attacks from the immune system on the nervous system
  • no cure
29
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • degenerative disorder of the CNS impairing motor skills
  • no cure

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