Nervous System

Question 1

What are the concerning symptoms of neurological disease?

Answer 1

1. anxiety, excessive worrying
2. Depressed mood
3. Memory problems
4. Medically unexplained symptoms

Question 2

What are the three speech disorders?

Answer 2

1. Aphonia
2. Dysarthria
3. Aphasia

Question 3

What is aphonia?

Answer 3

loss of voice that accompanies disease affecting the larynx or its nerve supply

Question 4

What is dysarthria?

Answer 4

a defect in the muscular control of the speech apparatus (words may be nasal, slurred, or indistinct)

Question 5

What is aphasia?

Answer 5

difficulty producing or understanding language

Question 6

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 6

musculoskeletal disease that is symmetrical inflammation of synovial tissues

Risk factors: no risk factors
Signs and Symptoms: serum rheumatoid factor, bone decalcification, deformaties, symmetrical arthritis

Question 7

Osteoarthritis (Degenerative joint disease)

Answer 7

deterioration of articular cartilage that results in formation of new bone at the surfaces of the joint; it is a non-inflammatory disorder; affects the weight barring joints

Risk factors: age, family history, trauma history, history of fracture, obesity, repetitive joint use

Signs and symptoms: image of joint degeneration, visual deformities, pain, morning stiffness , limited range of motion; crackling sound of bone rubbing on bone

Question 8

Osteoporosis

Answer 8

decreased bone mass along with deterioration of bone tissue that causes bone fragility and increased risk of fracture

Risk factors: age, female, white/asian descent, small build, estrogen deficiency

Signs and Symptoms: Decreased bone mineral density, shortened stature, dorsal kyphosis

Question 9

Osteomyelitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone caused by an infecting organism

Risk factors: bacteremia, trauma, surgery, cellulitis, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease

Signs and Symptoms: bone changed on radiograph, elevated RBC sedimentation rate, elevated white blood cell count

Question 10

Gout

Answer 10

disorder of uric acid metabolism that most often affects postmenopausal women and aging men; overproduction or under-excretion of uric acid

Risk Factors: Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative disorders, renal dysfunction

Signs and Symptoms: increased serum uric acid level, redness around joint, rapid onset pain, swelling and inflammation

Question 11

Bursitis

Answer 11

inflammation of the cavity filled with synovial fluid around the joint

Risk Factors: Trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, reiter’s syndrome, gout, infection ( gnorrhea)

Signs and Symptoms: fluid on affected joint, inflammation and pain at common joints

Question 12

Tendinitis

Answer 12

inflammation of the tendon

Risk Factors: same as Bursitis

Signs and Symptoms: same as bursitis

Question 13

Tenosynovitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the tendon and the synovial membrane

Risk Factors: same as Bursitis

Signs and Symptoms: same as bursitis

Question 14

Temporomandibular joint syndrome

Answer 14

painful jaw movement that is characterized by dull pain and tenderness in the joint area

RIsk Factors: congenital abnormalities, trauma, improperly aligned teeth, grinding or clenching of teeth

Signs and Symptoms: abnormal wearing of teeth, tenderness, decreased range of motion, dull pain around ear, unilateral face pain

Question 15

Strain

Answer 15

overstretching of a muscle; treated with only joint rest

Question 16

Sprain

Answer 16

trauma to a joint that includes damage to the ligaments

Question 17

Dislocation

Answer 17

when a bone is displaced from a joint with tearing of ligaments, tendons and articular capsules

Question 18

Fracture

Answer 18

any break to the bone