Nervous System

Question 1

collection of myelinated axons located in the PNS

Answer 1

Nerve

Question 2

collection of myelinated axons within the CNS

Answer 2

Tract

Question 3

metencephalon and myencephalon

Answer 3

Rhombenceohalon

Question 4

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Answer 4

Prosancephalon

Question 5

roof-cerebellum, gray and white matter, gray=cortex, white= arbor vitae, deep gray matter in form of nuclei, cerebellum involved with equilibrium and motor function

floor-pons, gray and white matter
o gray is pontine nuclei
o white is continuation of fiber tracts
b) involved with regulation of respiration

Answer 5

Metencephalon

Question 6

medulla oblongata
gray and white matter

o gray is nuclei for # of cranial nerves
o white is pyramidal tract, or pyramids, continuation of fiber tracts

involved in regulation of heart rate, respiration—ongoing visceral activities

Answer 6

Myelencephalon

Question 7

o cerebrum
o olfactory structures
o basal nuclei

Answer 7

From Telencephalon

Question 8

o epithalamus (pineal)
o thalamus
o hypothalamus

Answer 8

From Diencephalon

Question 9

o roof: corpora quadrigemina
(2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi)
o floor: cerebral peduncles

Answer 9

From Mesencephalon

Question 10

roof: cerebellum
floor: pons

Answer 10

From Metencephalon

Question 11

medulla oblongata

Answer 11

From Myelencephalon

Question 12

1. dura mater
2. arachnoid
3. pia mater

Answer 12

Meninges (meninx)

Question 13

collection of cell bodies within the CNS

Answer 13

Nuclei

Question 14

functional cell of the nervous body, can’t regenerate

Answer 14

Neuron

Question 15

afferent, carry towards smell, see

Answer 15

Sensory infromation

Question 16

efferent, carry away, movement

Answer 16

Motor information

Question 17

Menscephalon

Answer 17

mesncepahlon

Question 18

major sensory relay station for all senses except olfaction, is gray matter

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

pineal body or gland, endocrine gland that secretes a hormone called melatonin

Answer 19

Epithalamus

Question 20

area that has an endocrine function as well as a number of regulatory functions, such as body temperature, water balance, sex, heart rate, respiration, etc., pituitary gland connected to hypothalamus by stalk called infundibulum

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

1. Spinal Cord is the other part of CNS
2. It extends from medulla oblongata— from foramen magnum—to L1
   o this is in adult only, due to differential growth
3. This is shorter than we usually think, but there are nerve roots that extend
   inferiorly, forming the cauda equina, “horse’s tail”
4. To withdraw CSF, needle inserted between L3 and L4 into subarachnoid
   space

Answer 21

Spinal cord

Question 22

1. located “around” the sympathetic— “craniosacral”
2. includes 4 of the cranial nerves plus some sacral spinal nerves
3. the effects of parasympathetic NS on target organs are all for helping the
   body to repair and relax

Answer 22

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 23

o accommodation for near vision—lens rounds up—ciliary muscle contracts, less tension on suspensory ligaments which hold lens
o pupillary constriction—in light—circular muscles of iris constrict

Answer 23

Oculomotor III

Question 24

o lacrimal gland secretion—tearing
o submandibular and sublingual salivary gland secretion—salivation (beginning of digestion)

Answer 24

Facial Nerve VIII

Question 25

parotid salivary gland secretion

Answer 25

Glossopharyngeal IX

Question 26

o encourages digestion from esophagus to descending colon
o slows heart
o slows breathing, both in terms of rate and depth

Answer 26

Vagus X

Question 27

very early embryonic nervous system, originally spaces, come to be filled in with specialized cells

a) prosencephalon
b) mesencephalon
c) rhombencephalon

Answer 27

Primary vesicles

Question 28

slightly later embryonic nervous system

a) telencephalon
b) diencephalon
c) mesencephalon
d) metencephalon
e) myelencephalon

Answer 28

Secondary vesicles

Question 29

adult structures come from the 5 secondary vesicles

Answer 29

Derivatives

Question 30

1. cerebral cortex is gray matter
2. corona radiata and internal capsule are white matter
3. white matter arrangement:
   o association fibers—between lobes of the brain
   o commissural fibers—connect left and right hemispheres of brain
   o projection fibers—ascend or descend
4. corpus callosum—largest commissure
5. basal nuclei are deep groups of cell bodies that function in motor control
6. cerebral cortex has 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital (all gray matter)
7. each lobe is associated with a function
8. olfactory bulbs receive fibers of cranial nerve I, from the olfactory epithelium and carry these fibers
   to the olfactory area of the cortex

Answer 30

Cerebrum

Question 31

o sensory (afferent), which carry info
toward the NS from sensory receptors

o interneurons—connectors

o motor neurons (efferent), which carry info away from the NS, to the muscles or glands

Answer 31

3 types of neurons

Question 32

a) “four twin bodies”—2 superior and 2 inferior colliculi
b) gray matter
c) superior colliculi are involved with visual reflexes
d) inferior colliculi are in the auditory pathway

Answer 32

Corpora quadrigemina

Question 33

cell bodies, interneurons, and unmyelinated axons

Answer 33

Gray matter

Question 34

made up of myelinated axons

Answer 34

White matter

Question 35

fatty substance that speeds conduction in the axon, makes for white matter

Answer 35

Myelin

Question 36

collection of cell bodies outside of the CNS

Answer 36

Ganglion (ganglia)