Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
The CNS and PNS
What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?
- Gather sensory info. from the body/environment.
- Process and evaluate info and decide what to do.
- Initiate response via output.
What structures are composed of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What is a Ganglion?
Collection of neuron bodies in the PNS.
What is a Nerve?
Bundle of axons in the PNS
What’s the function of the PNS?
To receive and deliver info to and from the CNS
What is a Synapse?
Where a neuron makes a connection with another cell.
What’s the purpose of the Myelin Sheath?
Makes the message travels faster.
T or F: The afferent and efferent systems are the first dropdowns of the PNS
True
What does a Presynaptic cell do?
Sends a signal.
T or F: The afferent system is composed of the somatic and autonomic system
False
What does a Postsynaptic cell do?
Receives a signal.
T or F: The efferent system is composed of the visceral and somatic sensory
False
Vesicles do ________ into the synaptic cleft.
Exocytosis
The _____ sensory are things you are _____ of
visceral; unaware
The _____ sensory are things you are _____ of
Somatic; aware
How many connections does a bipolar, pseudo-unipolar, and a multipolar neuron make?
2, 1 to sensory, and multiple.
” Rest and digest” are known as the:
Parasympathetic system
Most sensory neurons are?
Unipolar
“Fight, flight, or freeze” are known as the:
Sympathetic system
All motor neurons are?
Multipolar
A layer of connective tissue that is wrapped around an axon is known as:
A: endoneurium
B: fascicle
C: Periheurium
D: Epinerium
A
Nearly all interneurons are?
Multipolar
A bundle of axons are known as:
A: endoneurium
B: fascicle
C: Periheurium
D: Epinerium
B
A connective tissue layer found around a fascicle is known as:
A: endoneurium
B: fascicle
C: Periheurium
D: Epinerium
C
What are the functions of Glial cells?
- Provide physical/structural support for neurons.
- Provide nourishment for neurons.
- Guide the growth of neurons.
- Provide electrical insulation of the axon.
What is the Myelin Sheath made by?
Glial cells.
What is electricity?
The movement of charged particles.
What is a current?
The amount of electricity.
A layer of connective tissue that is wrapped around a perineurium is known as:
A: endoneurium
B: fascicle
C: Periheurium
D: Epinerium
D
What is resistance?
Stops the flow of energy.
What is voltage?
The difference in charge.
What is the threshold?
-55mpv
Glial cells in the CNS are called _________ while Glial cells in the PNS are called ___________.
Oligodendrocytes and neurolemmocytes.
Axons are bundled together into groups called ______. Each _____ is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the ______. Finally, the
entire nerve is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the _________.
Fascicles; Perineurium; Epineurium
What are 2 ways for signals to travel faster?
- Wrap the Myelin Sheath.
- Make the axon thicker.
What is Temporal summation?
One neuron repeats a stimulus.
The Na+/K+-ATPase pumps Na+
____ the neuron and pumps K+
_____ the neuron.
a. into, into
b. into, out of
c. out of, into
d. out of, out of
c. out of, into
What is Spacial summation?
Multiple neurons stimulating simultaneously.
When a charge meets the threshold or exceeds it:
When a charge goes away from the threshold
Depolarization; hyperpolarization
- can diffuse in
- can bring the voltage to a positive threshold
- causes depolarization
- excitatory
Sodium
- can diffuse out
- can bring the voltage to a negative threshold
- causes hyperpolarization
-inhibitory
Potassium
Why does sodium diffuse into a cell?
Because it wants to go TOWARD the threshold.
Why does potassium diffuse out of a cell?
Because it wants to get AWAY from the threshold.
Continuous conduction
Has NO myelin
Saltatory conduction
HAS myelin
When the same neuron repeatedly releases neurotransmitters this is called:
Temporal summation
When multiple neurons repeatedly releases neurotransmitters this is called:
spatial summation
movement along the axon is called:
propagation
Two characterizations of conduction velocity include:
- thickness of axon
- myelin sheath
What’s the function of the Dural Venous Sinuses?
Sinuses that function as veins to help drain blood from the brain and return it to the heart.
What’s the condition that may result in Infants that have problems with reabsorption of CSF?
Hydrocephalus
What’s the Limbic system?
a collection of structures from the cerebrum and diencephalon that work
together to process emotions and memories.
List the segments in order and tell which gate or channel occurs here
- receptive
- initial
- conductive
a. graded (chemical gated)
b. action (velocity)
The structure that experience/vocalize emotion, heart rate, and recall certain memories?
The Cingulate Gyrus
What’s the function of the hippocampus and the Parahippocampus?
storing memories and forming long-term memories.
The Amygdaloid body plays a role in?
Experiencing emotions, particularly fear.
__________ create the blood-brain barrier. Throughout most of the body,
capillaries leak fluid into the surrounding tissue. They have extensions that wrap around capillaries and restrict movement
of fluid out of the capillaries and into the surrounding nervous tissue. This presumably helps protect the
brain and spinal cord from harmful chemicals and infectious agents that could otherwise enter from the
bloodstream.
astrocytes
_________ cells are found in ganglia. They surround the bodies of neurons.
satellite
