Nervous system

Question 1

motor neuron path

Answer 1

begins in CNS (leaves through ventral spinal cord) and travels toward target (effector).

Question 2

sensory neuron pathway

Answer 2

receives a signal from a receptor and carry signal to other neurons or CNS. Enter through dorsal spinal cord

Question 3

Nucleus (nervous system) vs ganglia

Answer 3

Nucleus= a collection of many neurons/cell bodies found within the CNS.

Ganglia= collection of neurons/cell bodies in the PNS

Question 4

preganglionic vs post ganglionic neuron

Answer 4

preganglionic begin in CNS and extend into ganglia of of PNS

post ganglionic synapse with preganglionic neurons in the CNS. Post ganglionic extend into effector organ

Question 5

Simple reflex arc

Answer 5

A receptor receives a signal, the sensory (afferent) neuron picks up the signal, sensory neuron sends it to the spinal cord through the dorsal side, transmits to interneuron, interneuron transmits to motor neuron, motor neuron leaves through ventral side and travels to effector organ; signal arrives.

Question 6

forebrain subdivisions

Answer 6

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 7

telencephalon structures

Answer 7

cerebrum, hippocampus, and basal ganglia

Question 8

hindbrain divisions

Answer 8

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 9

basal ganglia

Answer 9

controls voluntary movement

Question 10

hippocampus

Answer 10

plays a role in memory

Question 11

corpus callosum

Answer 11

connects left and right hemisphere of cerebrum

Question 12

cerebral cortex

Answer 12

high level functioning

Question 13

Diencephalon

Answer 13

hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 14

hypothalamus

Answer 14

control center of the endocrine system. controls pituitary gland

Question 15

thalamus

Answer 15

relays sensory and motor signals to and from cerebrum

Question 16

metencephalon structures

Answer 16

(midbrain). contains pons and cerebellum

Question 17

cerebellum (little brain)

Answer 17

control and coordinate movement of muscles. Cannot initiate movement. alcohol effects regulation and control of cerebellum

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

HR, Respiratory rate, vomit etc

Question 19

white matter vs gray matter

Answer 19

white is myelinated, grey is not.

brain= gray out
SC= white out

Question 20

T or F, the withdrawal reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex arc

Answer 20

False, the withdrawal reflex is a polysynaptic reflex arc.
EX. when stepping on a nail you pull your foot up (this part is monosynaptic) but the other leg must receive a signal to compensate, delivered by synapses in the spinal cord with interneurons, making it a polysynaptic process

Question 21

compare oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

Answer 21

oligodendrocytes are in the CNS while schwann are in the PNS. Both produce myelin around axons

Question 22

what would be the consequence of missing microglia

Answer 22

microglia are phagocytic and in charge of breaking down waste products and pathogens in the CNS.

Question 23

Ependymal cells

Answer 23

line the ventricles of the brain and make CSF

Question 24

axon hillock

Answer 24

integrates excitatory and inhibitory signals. Fires an action potential if threshold is exceeded

Question 25

synaptic bouton

Answer 25

lies at the end of the axon and releases neurotransmitters

Question 26

where is the AP initiated

Answer 26

axon hillock

Question 27

resting membrane potential

Answer 27

-70mV

Question 28

temporal summation vs spatial summation

Answer 28

temporal summation is the integration of multiple signals close to eachother in time.

Spatial summation is the integration of multiple signals close to eachother in space