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PHA 618 laboratory > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Give the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What are the two components of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Give the functional divisions of the PNS?

A

Afferent (sensory) and Efferent (motor)

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4
Q

What are the classifications under Efferent pathway?

A

Somatic or Soma motor and Autonomic

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5
Q

What comprises the soma motor nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscles

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6
Q

What comprises the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Enteric

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7
Q

Give the 3 main parts of a neuron and their functions?

A

Dendrites - reception of impulses
Cell body - protein synthesis
Axon - transmission of impulses

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8
Q

T or F: Axon may or may not be covered with myelin sheath.

A

True

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9
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

It aids as an insulator for a faster transmission of impulses

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10
Q

Where can multipolar neurons be found?

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS

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11
Q

What kind of neuron is multipolar? (sensory, motor or both)?

A

Motor

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12
Q

Direction of multipolar neurons

A

Efferent pathway

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13
Q

Where can bipolar neurons be found?

A

Nasal cavity, inner ear, retina of the eyes

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14
Q

What kind of neuron is bipolar? (sensory, motor, both)

A

Sensory

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15
Q

Direction of bipolar neurons

A

Afferent pathway

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16
Q

Where can unipolar neurons be found?

A

Skin, organ and etc.

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17
Q

What kind of neuron is unipolar? (sensory, motor or both)?

A

Sensory

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18
Q

Direction of unipolar neurons

A

Afferent pathway

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19
Q

It is the space between a neuron and a receptor (organ)

A

Synapse

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20
Q

It is the space between two neurons

A

Ganglia

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21
Q

What are the functions of neuroglia?

A

Support the neuron

Aid in transmission of impulses

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22
Q

What are the type of neuroglial cells under PNS?

A

Schwann cells - forms the myelin sheath for PNS

Satelite cells - control environment for ganglia in PNS

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23
Q

What are the type of neuroglial cells under CNS?

A

Astrocytes - blood brain barrier
Microglia - seeks and fight pathogens; protection
Ependymal cells - forms cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes - forms the myelin sheath for CNS

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24
Q

This is the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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25
Q

Outermost membrane, tough and forms protective tube for the vertebral canal. Also, attached to the cranial bones

A

Dura mater

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26
Q

Thin, web-like, avascular and middle membrane

A

Arachnoid mater

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27
Q

Thin, innermost layer that adheres to the structures of the CNS and contains blood vessel to nourish the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

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28
Q

T or F: The arachnoid mater is directly attached to the brain

A

False - it should be the pia mater

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29
Q

Structure in the brain that is lined by the ependymal cells and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ventricles

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30
Q

The ventricles are filled with CSF. What structure produces the CSF?

A

Choroid plexuses

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31
Q

How many lateral ventricles are there and where are they located?

A

2, within the cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

A

midline of diencephalon

33
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

A

midline of the brain stem continued within the central canal

34
Q

T or F: The secretion and absorption of CSF should be in equal rates.

35
Q

Give the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

provides buoyancy, protection, chemical stability, nutrients

36
Q

The ____ are the folds and the ____ are the grooves in the brain

A

gyri and sulci

37
Q

This separates the hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

38
Q

This keeps the hemispheres connected

A

Corpus collosum

39
Q

T or F: The gray matter is the outer surface and the white matter is the inner surface in the cerebral cortex

40
Q

What are the functions of the cerebrum?

A 
interpretation of sensory impulses
control of voluntary motor impulses
intellectual processes
will
personality traits
41
Q

This lobe is responsible for motivation, judgement, aggression as well as olfaction

A

Frontal lobe

42
Q

This lobe is responsible for the premotor area, primary motor area as well as Broca’s area

A

Frontal lobe

43
Q

This lobe is responsible for the primary sensory areas and for higher level reasoning

A

Parietal lobe

44
Q

This lobe contains the Wernicke’s area and is responsible for hearing

A

Temporal lobe

45
Q

This lobe is responsible for vision

A

Occipital lobe

46
Q

This part of the brain is deep and not much is known. To see this structure, retract the temporal lobe.

47
Q

This is the area responsible for interpreting incoming language

A

Wernicke’s area

48
Q

This is the area responsible for finding the words for outgoing the language

A

Broca’s area

49
Q

If the person cannot speak clearly but can interpret what’s being said to him or her, the _____ is damaged

A

Broca’s area

50
Q

If the person cannot understand what’s being said to him but he or she can speak clearly, the ______ is damaged

A

Wernicke’s area

51
Q

This system is associated with the thalamus

A

Limbic system

52
Q

The limbic system is responsible for the following:

A

Memory, emotions and emotional behaviors

53
Q

Damage to the limbic system can cause what?

A

Mood disorders

54
Q

This is where the thalamus and hypothalamus are located

A

Diencephalon

55
Q

The role of this structure is a switching station for incoming sensory messages except for smell

56
Q

This structure monitors the internal environment of the body as well as aids in achieving homeostasis in the body (e.g., temperature regulation, food and water intake, endocrine functions)

A

Hypothalamus

57
Q

Collective term for medulla oblongata, pons, reticular formation and midbrain

58
Q

Contains centers to regulate heart rate, respiratory rate and blood vessel diameter

A

Medulla oblongata

59
Q

Contains the baroreceptor arc

A

Medulla oblongata

60
Q

This controls vomiting under the medulla oblongata

A

Emetic center

61
Q

Large bulge, anterior surface and is located between the medulla oblongata and midbrain

62
Q

Bridge for motor tracts to the cerebellum

63
Q

Has 4 bulges called collculi

64
Q

Which colliculi is responsible for visual reflexes?

A

2 superior colliculi

65
Q

Which colliculi is responsible for auditory reflexes?

A

2 inferior colliculi

66
Q

Important for arousal and is responsible for sleep-wake cycles

A

Reticular formation

67
Q

If the reticular formation stops working, what will happen?

68
Q

Second largest brain region wherein the two hemispheres are connected by vermis

A

Cerebellum

69
Q

Give the functions of the cerebellum

A

Controls and coordinates interaction of skeletal muscles
Controls posture, balance, muscle coordination
Reflexive memory

70
Q

If the cerebellum is damaged, what will happen?

A

Loss of equilibrium, loss of muscle coordination and loss of muscle tone

71
Q

What is the shape of the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

Internal and butterfly-shaped

72
Q

What is the form of the gray matter of the spinal cord?

73
Q

What is the form of the white matter of the spinal cord?

A

Columnar form

74
Q

Give the functions of the spinal cord

A

Transmit impulses

Reflex center for spinal reflex

75
Q

Recite the cranial nerves

A

Oh oh oh to touch and feel very good vgna ah heaven :D

PHA 618 laboratory (2 decks)

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