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Medical Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus? (at least 6)

A

a. body temperature
b. heart rate
c. blood pressure
d. thirst
e. appetite & weight control
f. sleep cycles

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2
Q

Describe the dura mater?

A

The tough outer layer covers and protects the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is a sac that envelops the arachnoid.

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3
Q

Which structures are associated with sleep and consciousness?

A

a. hypothalamus

b. basal telencephalon

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4
Q

What are meninges?

A

They are three thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.

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5
Q

Functions of the dura mater?

A

The dura mater surrounds and supports the large venous channels (dural sinuses)

Partitioned into several septa, which support the brain.

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6
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater?

A

A meninge.
Connected to the dura mater on the side closest to the CNS, this middle layer includes a network of fibers and collagen that are part of the suspension system

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7
Q

Functions of the arachnoid mater?

A

Helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact.

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8
Q

Functions of the Pia Mater

A

It acts as a barrier and aids in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

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9
Q

Describe the Pia Mater

A

The innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater closely covers the brain

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10
Q

What structure helps to coordinate muscle balance and movements?

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

What sense does the Olfactory cortex interpret?

A

Smell

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12
Q

What sense does the Primary Gustatory Cortex interpret?

A

Taste

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13
Q

What sense does the Occipital Lobe interpret?

A

Vision

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14
Q

What sense does the Auditory cortex interpret?

A

Hearing

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15
Q

What sense does the Cerebellum interpret?

A

Balance

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16
Q

What sense does the Thalamus interpret?

A

Pain

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17
Q

Which two structures regulate breathing?

A

a. PONS

b. Medulla Oblongata

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18
Q

Which two structures help to regulate blood pressure?

A

a. brain stem

b. hypothalamus

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19
Q

Which two structures help with the digestive process?

A

a. hypothalamus

b. rostral insula

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20
Q

What are the three major parts of the neuron?

A

a. dendrites
b. axon
c. cell body (soma)

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21
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

designed to RECIEVE communications from other cells.

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22
Q

What is the function of axons?

A

allow neurons to transmit to other cells

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23
Q

What is the function of the cell body?

A

a. carries genetic information
b. maintains neurons structure
c. provides energy

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24
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

CSF is secreted by the CPs located within the ventricles of the brain, with the two lateral ventricles being the primary producers.

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25
Where does CSF circulate/flow?
a. the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord | b. the ventricles of the brain.
26
What is Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.
27
What does cerebrospinal fluid contain?
a. An ultrafiltrate of plasma b. low protein c. few cells
28
What is Diencephalon?
a. ) Connects the midbrain and forebrain | b. ) Comprises the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus.
29
All sensory impulses travel through the thalamus, EXCEPT:
Smell
30
Which brainstem structure helps regulate posture and turn the head to see and hear better?
PONS
31
What is the CNS?
The central nervous system. Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
32
What is the PNS?
Peripheral nervous system. Consists of nerves that branch off to all parts of the body.
33
Which neuroglial cell found in the brain helps take care of the neuron and forms scar tissue?
Astrocyte
34
What is a neuroglial cell?
Neuroglia are a large class of neural cells of ectodermal (astroglia, oligodendroglia, and peripheral glial cells) and mesodermal (microglia) origin. Neuroglial cells provide homeostatic support, protection, and defense to the nervous tissue.
35
What are the types of neuroglial cells?
Astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes. Microglia. Ependymal.
36
What is the function of Astrocytes?
Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and perform a variety of tasks, from axon guidance and synaptic support to the control of the blood-brain barrier and blood flow.
37
What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes assemble myelin, a multilayered sheath of the membrane, spirally wrapped around axonal segments and best known for its role in enabling fast saltatory impulse propagation
38
What is the function of Microglia?
Microglia cells are the immune cells of the central nervous system and consequently play important roles in brain infections and inflammation.
39
What is the function of the Ependymal?
in the adult brain, they are responsible for the transport of electrolytes and some solutes between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain parenchyma.
40
What structure contains the arborvitae?
The Cerebellum
41
What is the function of the arborvitae?
Bring sensory and motor information to the Cerebellum
42
What is the function of the spinal cord?
Allows you to control your movements
43
What brain structure regulates fear and emotion?
The amygdala
44
Where is memory stored in the brain?
Hippocampus, Temporal Lobe
45
Where in the Frontal Lobe does speech occur?
Broca's area
46
What are the major functions of the Frontal Lobe?
Thinking Memory Behavior Movement
47
What are the major functions of the Parietal Lobe?
Language | Touch
48
What are the major functions of the Occipital Lobe?
Sight
49
What are the major functions of the Temporal Lobe?
Hearing Learning Feeling
50
What are efferent nerves?
Motor Nerves
51
What are afferent nerves?
Sensory nerves
52
What are the 4 major parts of the brain (not the lobes)?
Cerebrum Cerebellum Dienchepalon Brainstem
53
What is Cerebrovascular Accident Disease?
It's the loss of blood flow to the brain causing damage to brain tissue. This loss of blood flow is commonly caused by blood clots or broken blood vessels.
54
What is Cerebrovascular Accident?
loss of blood flow to the brain that ends up damaging brain tissue. This loss of blood flow is commonly caused by blood clots or broken blood vessels.
55
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
Brain cell connections and cells die or degenerate. Eventually destroying memory and other mental functions
56
What is Parkinson's Disease?
A progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement.
57
What is Cerebral Palsy
A group of disorders that affects one's ability to move and balance.
58
What is ALS- Lou Gehrig's Disease?
A nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical function.
59
What spinal nerve regulates the diaphragm and breathing?
the Phrenic nerve
60
Which spinal nerve regulates the movement of the leg?
the Sciatic nerve
61
Which spinal nerve regulates the movement of the arm?
the Brachial Plexus
62
Which brain structure is a pea-shaped gland and produces many hormones?
Pituitary gland
63
What are the three parts of the brain stem in ASCENDING order?
a. Medulla b. Pons c. Midbrain
64
What are "nerve impulses" or "spikes"?
the action potential of neurons
65
What major ions switch places to create electricity for action potentials?
a. Sodium | b. Potassium cations
66
Which protein helps nerves communicate with each other?
neurexin
67
Which protein helps nerves communicate with muscles?
agrin
68
Which neuroglial cells in the CNS help to destroy infection and clean up dead cells?
Microglia
69
What does white matter have ______, and grey matter doesn't.
myelinated axons
70
What are the ridges found in the cerebrum?
gyri
71
What are the shallow grooves of the cerebrum?
sulci
72
What are the deep grooves of the cerebrum?
Fissures
73
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
the Corpus Callosum
74
what is the space in the brain where CSF flows?
Subarachnoid space

Medical Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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