Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus? (at least 6)

A

a. body temperature
b. heart rate
c. blood pressure
d. thirst
e. appetite & weight control
f. sleep cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the dura mater?

A

The tough outer layer covers and protects the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is a sac that envelops the arachnoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which structures are associated with sleep and consciousness?

A

a. hypothalamus

b. basal telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are meninges?

A

They are three thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of the dura mater?

A

The dura mater surrounds and supports the large venous channels (dural sinuses)

Partitioned into several septa, which support the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater?

A

A meninge.
Connected to the dura mater on the side closest to the CNS, this middle layer includes a network of fibers and collagen that are part of the suspension system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of the arachnoid mater?

A

Helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of the Pia Mater

A

It acts as a barrier and aids in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Pia Mater

A

The innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater closely covers the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structure helps to coordinate muscle balance and movements?

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What sense does the Olfactory cortex interpret?

A

Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What sense does the Primary Gustatory Cortex interpret?

A

Taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What sense does the Occipital Lobe interpret?

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What sense does the Auditory cortex interpret?

A

Hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What sense does the Cerebellum interpret?

A

Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What sense does the Thalamus interpret?

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which two structures regulate breathing?

A

a. PONS

b. Medulla Oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which two structures help to regulate blood pressure?

A

a. brain stem

b. hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which two structures help with the digestive process?

A

a. hypothalamus

b. rostral insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three major parts of the neuron?

A

a. dendrites
b. axon
c. cell body (soma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

designed to RECIEVE communications from other cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of axons?

A

allow neurons to transmit to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the cell body?

A

a. carries genetic information
b. maintains neurons structure
c. provides energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

CSF is secreted by the CPs located within the ventricles of the brain, with the two lateral ventricles being the primary producers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does CSF circulate/flow?

A

a. the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord

b. the ventricles of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid contain?

A

a. An ultrafiltrate of plasma
b. low protein
c. few cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Diencephalon?

A

a. ) Connects the midbrain and forebrain

b. ) Comprises the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

All sensory impulses travel through the thalamus, EXCEPT:

A

Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which brainstem structure helps regulate posture and turn the head to see and hear better?

A

PONS

31
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous system. Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

32
Q

What is the PNS?

A

Peripheral nervous system. Consists of nerves that branch off to all parts of the body.

33
Q

Which neuroglial cell found in the brain helps take care of the neuron and forms scar tissue?

A

Astrocyte

34
Q

What is a neuroglial cell?

A

Neuroglia are a large class of neural cells of ectodermal (astroglia, oligodendroglia, and peripheral glial cells) and mesodermal (microglia) origin. Neuroglial cells provide homeostatic support, protection, and defense to the nervous tissue.

35
Q

What are the types of neuroglial cells?

A

Astrocytes.
Oligodendrocytes.
Microglia.
Ependymal.

36
Q

What is the function of Astrocytes?

A

Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and perform a variety of tasks, from axon guidance and synaptic support to the control of the blood-brain barrier and blood flow.

37
Q

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?

A

In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes assemble myelin, a multilayered sheath of the membrane, spirally wrapped around axonal segments and best known for its role in enabling fast saltatory impulse propagation

38
Q

What is the function of Microglia?

A

Microglia cells are the immune cells of the central nervous system and consequently play important roles in brain infections and inflammation.

39
Q

What is the function of the Ependymal?

A

in the adult brain, they are responsible for the transport of electrolytes and some solutes between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain parenchyma.

40
Q

What structure contains the arborvitae?

A

The Cerebellum

41
Q

What is the function of the arborvitae?

A

Bring sensory and motor information to the Cerebellum

42
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

Allows you to control your movements

43
Q

What brain structure regulates fear and emotion?

A

The amygdala

44
Q

Where is memory stored in the brain?

A

Hippocampus, Temporal Lobe

45
Q

Where in the Frontal Lobe does speech occur?

A

Broca’s area

46
Q

What are the major functions of the Frontal Lobe?

A

Thinking
Memory
Behavior
Movement

47
Q

What are the major functions of the Parietal Lobe?

A

Language

Touch

48
Q

What are the major functions of the Occipital Lobe?

A

Sight

49
Q

What are the major functions of the Temporal Lobe?

A

Hearing
Learning
Feeling

50
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

Motor Nerves

51
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

Sensory nerves

52
Q

What are the 4 major parts of the brain (not the lobes)?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Dienchepalon
Brainstem

53
Q

What is Cerebrovascular Accident Disease?

A

It’s the loss of blood flow to the brain causing damage to brain tissue. This loss of blood flow is commonly caused by blood clots or broken blood vessels.

54
Q

What is Cerebrovascular Accident?

A

loss of blood flow to the brain that ends up damaging brain tissue. This loss of blood flow is commonly caused by blood clots or broken blood vessels.

55
Q

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Brain cell connections and cells die or degenerate. Eventually destroying memory and other mental functions

56
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

A

A progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement.

57
Q

What is Cerebral Palsy

A

A group of disorders that affects one’s ability to move and balance.

58
Q

What is ALS- Lou Gehrig’s Disease?

A

A nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical function.

59
Q

What spinal nerve regulates the diaphragm and breathing?

A

the Phrenic nerve

60
Q

Which spinal nerve regulates the movement of the leg?

A

the Sciatic nerve

61
Q

Which spinal nerve regulates the movement of the arm?

A

the Brachial Plexus

62
Q

Which brain structure is a pea-shaped gland and produces many hormones?

A

Pituitary gland

63
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem in ASCENDING order?

A

a. Medulla
b. Pons
c. Midbrain

64
Q

What are “nerve impulses” or “spikes”?

A

the action potential of neurons

65
Q

What major ions switch places to create electricity for action potentials?

A

a. Sodium

b. Potassium cations

66
Q

Which protein helps nerves communicate with each other?

A

neurexin

67
Q

Which protein helps nerves communicate with muscles?

A

agrin

68
Q

Which neuroglial cells in the CNS help to destroy infection and clean up dead cells?

A

Microglia

69
Q

What does white matter have ______, and grey matter doesn’t.

A

myelinated axons

70
Q

What are the ridges found in the cerebrum?

A

gyri

71
Q

What are the shallow grooves of the cerebrum?

A

sulci

72
Q

What are the deep grooves of the cerebrum?

A

Fissures

73
Q

What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

the Corpus Callosum

74
Q

what is the space in the brain where CSF flows?

A

Subarachnoid space

Medical Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions