Nervous System Flashcards
What is the function of the nervous system?
Helps all parts of the body communicate with each other (actions, thoughts, emotions)
Describe how an axon functions to help transfer impulses
Long fiber that carries impulses away from cells to other neurons/dendrites or organs/muscles
What are motor neurons and how do they respond to an impulse?
Receives messages from interneuron, causes a response in muscle/gland/organ/tissue
The peripheral nervous system is very important. Describe it’s function.
Brings information from environment to CNS. Sends response to organ/muscle/gland to keep body functioning and safe
Discuss what tolerance to alcohol/drugs means
After drug is used repeatedly, body gets less effected which leads to taking more for effects to happen.
What are electrolytes? List some examples of the ions used in the NS
Essential Minerals. Sodium(Na+1) Potassium (K+1)
Chlorine (Cl-1) Calcium (Ca+2) Magnesium (Mg+1)
Must get from food
What is the difference between passing out and blacking out while using alcohol?
Blackout= Person is awake but brain isn’t creating new memories
Passing out=Losing consciousness and not able to wake up
What role do sensory Neurons play in the nervous system
Detect change in environment. Brings them in so we can respond (action)
Describe why an impulse is best describes as a chemical electrical signal
Involves change in electrical potential that moves along nerve cell
Define what a neuron is
Information Messengers. Basic unit of NS. Nerve cell.
Discuss the function of dendrites in a neuron
(Root-like) receives impulses, sends them to cell body
What does the call body of a neuron do with the impulse
Directs impulses to be converted into electrical impulses
What are interneurons and where are they found?
Receive impulses from sensory Neurons and send message to appropriate muscle/gland/organ/tissue.
Found in brain and spinal cord
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemicals that lead messages from neuron to neuron. In form of electrolytes.
The pons serves what purpose to the brainstorm?
(bridge) links cerebrum to cerbellum and left+right sides
What are the functions of the medulla in the brainstorm?
Controls breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing
What is the synapse
Space between axon and dendrites
The cerebrospinal fluid, bone, and membranes serve what function in the CNS?
To protect the CNS
What are the 2 structures of the CNS?
Spinal cord and brain
What does the spinal cord do?
Receives messages from sensory Neurons
Somatic Division of the PNS
You have control. Skelatal muscles can train muscles memory. Reflex responses
Autonomic Divisions of the PNS
Functions automatically (heartbeat, digestion, breathing, kidneys)
Sympathetic Systems
Survival Mode. Fight or Flight. Stimulates organs and makes heartbeat, BP, breathing, and adrenaline go up. Stops digestion and saliva. Leads to disease. (High BP, heart disease, anxiety, depression, obesity, nervousness)
Parasympathetic System
Calm, relaxed, organs function smoothly, want to have this on as much as possible
Cerebrum
Largest. Controls bodily functions, emotions, imagination, senses, motor neurons, and learning
Cerebellum
Coordinates muscles, balance, and walking
Hypothalamus
Relay impulses. Sleep, digestion, temp, hormones, works with the pituitary gland (puberty and growth)
BAC 0.01-0.04 (1-2 drinks)
Relaxed, fine motor decreases, lowering of inhibitions
BAC 0.05-0.08 (3-4 drinks)
Reduction in reaction time, judgement impaired
BAC 0.09-0.15 (5-7 drinks)
Senses altered, you feel less pain, vision blurred, bad balance
BAC 0.16-0.30 (8-12 drinks)
Temperature (circulation/breathing) impaired, unconsciousness or blackout
Myelin
Sheath or covering around axon that moves impulses faster
2 Divisions of the peripheral nervous system
SENSORY DIVISION-Controls senses and their messages to/from CNS
MOTOR DIVISION-controls muscles/glands/chemicals in body
