Nervous System

Question 1

the connection of the muscles to the brain and spinal cord through a network of nerve circuits that direct the ebb and flow of muscular energy

Answer 1

neuromuscular (nervous) system

Question 2

CNS consists of…

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what protects the brain

Answer 3

skull

Question 4

what protects the spinal cord

Answer 4

vertebral column

Question 5

2 parts that the nervous system is divided into

Answer 5

CNS and PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Question 6

2 categories of the PNS

Answer 6

afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

Question 7

role of the afferent (sensory) division of the PNS

Answer 7

carries nerve impulses to the CNS from receptors located in the skin, fascia, joints, and visceral organs; afferent sensory data is incoming information

Question 8

role of the efferent (motor) division of the PNS

Answer 8

handles outgoing information

Question 9

2 sub-divisions of the efferent (motor) division of the PNS

Answer 9

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 10

mostly under conscious control and carries nerve impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

Answer 10

somatic nervous system

Question 11

made up of nerves that transmit impulses to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands and are not consciously controlled

Answer 11

autonomic nervous system

Question 12

2 sub-divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 13

nervous system that is activated when there is a stressor or emergency (e.g., fear, pain, anger) and activates the “fight or flight” response

Answer 13

sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

nervous system that aids in controlling normal functions when the body is relaxed (at rest) and aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth

Answer 14

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

the most basic structural and functional component of the nervous system

Answer 15

neuron (nerve cell)

Question 16

what a neuron is composed of

Answer 16

1) Soma - cell body

2) 1 or more processes - fibrous extensions called dendrites and axons

Question 17

conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body

Answer 17

dendrites

Question 18

transmit electrical signals away from the cell body

Answer 18

axons

Question 19

T/F: Neurons may have hundreds of dendrites depending on the type of neuron, but each only has one axon.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

what separates neurons from each other

Answer 20

synapse

Question 21

the sense of knowing where the body is in relation to its various segments and the external environment

Answer 21

proprioception

Question 22

receptors located in the skin, in and around the joints and muscles, and in the inner ear which gather sensory information

Answer 22

proprioceptors

Question 23

2 main types of musculotendinous receptors

Answer 23

Golgi tendon organ (GTO) and muscle spindle

Question 24

a sensory organ with a tendon that, when stimulated, causes an inhibition of the entire muscle group to protect against too much force

Answer 24

GTO

Question 25

the sensory organ within a muscle that is sensitive to stretch and this protects the muscle against too much stretch

Answer 25

muscle spindle

Question 26

location of the GTO

Answer 26

between the muscle belly and its tendon

Question 27

location of the muscle spindle

Answer 27

in the muscle belly and lies parallel to the muscle fibers

Question 28

one of the main functions of the GTO

Answer 28

when it senses muscle contraction, it causes an inhibition of that muscle (autogenic inhibition)

Question 29

one of the main functions of the muscle spindle

Answer 29

when a muscle is stretched, the muscle spindle causes the muscle to contract (reflexive contraction, stretch reflex) and the antagonist muscle to relax (reciprocal inhibition)

Question 30

T/F: Static stretching shows how autogenic inhibition works.

Answer 30

True