Nervous & Endocrine System

Question 1

Parts of nervous system

Answer 1

Central
Peripheral

Question 2

Parts & Role of CNS

Answer 2

Brain = centre of all consciousness
Spinal Chord = extension of brain, pass messages to & from CNS

Question 3

Parts & Role of PNS

Answer 3

Autonomic = governs vital functions, e.g., breathing, heart rate, digestion, stress response
Somatic = govern muscle movement, recieves info from sensory receptors

Question 4

Parts & Roles of ANS

Answer 4

Sympathetic = deal with F/F response, prepares body by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation & slowing down digestion, urination

Parasympathetic = relaxes/returns body following sympathetic response = ‘rest & digest’

Question 5

Function of Endrocine System

Answer 5

• Made up of networks of glands
• Each gland = produce diff hormones = have diff. effects on organs
• Help regulate physiological processes
• Hormones travel to diff parts in body via bloodstream

Question 6

Fight Or Flight Response & Role of Adrenaline

Answer 6

= stress response
1. body percieves stressor, e.g. exams
2. hypothalamus activates pituitary
3. pituitary triggers sympathetic branch of ANS
4. adrenal medulla = release adrenaline
- triggers physiological changes in body to battle stress
5. threat passed = parasympathetic returns body to natural state

state of physiological arousal = F/F response

Question 7

Role of Hypothalamus

Answer 7

releases CRF (corticotropin-releasing) to pituitary
- controls pituitary
- assess stressful situations

Question 8

Role of Pineal Gland

Answer 8

release melatonin
- responsible for biological rhythms
e.g. circadian ‘sleep/wake cycle’

Question 9

Role of Pituitary Gland

Answer 9

• ‘master gland’ control hormone release from all other glands
  release ACTH (adrenocorticotropic) to adrenal = stimulates cortisol production

release FSH/LH = stimulate ovary production of oestrogen, testes production of testosterone

Question 10

Role of Adrenal Glands

Answer 10

2 glands = sit on top of kidneys
Adrenal Cortex (outer) = release cortisol
- regulate body’s stress response

Adrenal Medulla (inner) = release adrenaline
- F/F response

Question 11

Role of Testes

Answer 11

produce testosterone
- cause sperm production, muscle growth, facial hair, voice deepening

Question 12

Role of Thyroid Gland

Answer 12

release thyroxine (T4) & triodythyrine (T3)
- regulate metabolic rate
= linked to growth, development, heart/musle function