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Reviewer for science test > Nervous,Endocrine,Reproductive System > Flashcards

Nervous,Endocrine,Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CNS/ Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

PNS/ Peripheral Nervous System

A

Cranial Nerves and Ganglia Outside

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3
Q

CNS is covered with the tissue called?

A

MEANINGS

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4
Q

Spinal Chord is the house of what?

A

Vertebrate

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5
Q

Brain is covered with what fluid to absorbed the force?

A

Cerebus fluid

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6
Q

Automatic NS

A

Things you can’t control

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7
Q

Somative NS

A

Carries the sensory organs; Mouth, ears and eyes

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8
Q

Symphatic NS

A

Prepares the body for action and stress

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9
Q

Parasymphathetic NS

A

Calms the body. Stops the laughter

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10
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Chemical Signals/ Messenger cells

From one cell to remote target cells for cells to communicate

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11
Q

Reproductive System is?

A

Continuation of life /Creates genetic duration

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12
Q

Male’s Reproductive system is?

A

Sperm cells

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13
Q

Female’s Reproductive system is?

A

Egg cells

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14
Q

What is Gonads?

A

Reproductive structure

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15
Q

Homeostasis is?

A

Stable Environment

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16
Q

What is Negative Feedback?

A

Its something we can maintain like temperature of our bodies.

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17
Q

What is Positive Feedback?

A

Its something we can’t maintain, it happens really fast.

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18
Q

Hypothalamus produces what kind of hormones?

A

anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and various hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland

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19
Q

Pituitary Gland produces what kind of hormones?

A

major hormones — luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

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20
Q

Pineal Gland produces what kind of hormones?

A

melatonin- helps with sleep

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21
Q

Thyroid produces what kind of hormones?

A

major hormones — tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), calcitonin
influence — metabolism, bone health

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22
Q

Adrenal Glands produces what kind of hormones?

A

major hormones — adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone
influences — stress response and blood pressure/salt control

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23
Q

Pancreas produces what kind of hormones?

A

major hormones — insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

influences — blood sugar control

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24
Q

Ovaries produces what kind of hormones?

A

major hormones — oestrogen, progesterone

influences — female characteristics

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25
Q

Testes produces what kind of hormones?

A

major hormones — testosterone

influences — male characteristics

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26
Q

Gametes is produced by?

A

Germline cells

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27
Q

Seminiferous tubules produces?

A

sperm

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28
Q

Interstitial Cells secretes?

A

testorone

29
Q

Accessory glands are?

A

Seminal Vesicles and Prostate gland

30
Q

Ovaries contains what?

A
  • Contains immature OVA in various stage development
  • Each OVA is surrounded by a follicle that protects the developing of the OVUM.
  • Mature OVA are released into the (Oviduct/Fallopian tube)
31
Q

Oviduct or?

A

Fallopian tube

32
Q

What is the meaning of “Hyposecretion”

A

Hormone release is LOW

33
Q

What is the meaning of “Hypersecretion”

A

Hormone release is HIGH

34
Q

What does Sertoli cells do?

A

It is important producing sperm cells and it also increases sex drive

35
Q

What is “Meiosis” and how many stages does it have?

A

one diploid germ cell divides in order to create 1 or 4 haploid cells (23 chromosome) 2 stages

36
Q

Cretinisim effects are? (LOW in TH)

A

Small, obesity, constant fatigue, neurological impairment, big stomach

37
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormones Pituitary gland is called? And effects?

A

Kids: Gigantism
Adults: Acromegaly

Thickening of bones and soft tissues, problem with childhood and adolescents

38
Q

Dwarfism happens when the Pituitary gland produces?

A

When underactive

39
Q

What is the term “Hypoglemia” means?

A

Low blood sugar

To do
4 dextrous of glucose tablets and 15 ml of sugar or honey

40
Q

What is the term “Hyperglyemia” means?

A

High in blood sugar

Increase exercise and change diet

41
Q

Parathyroid’s hormone is?

A

Parathormone

42
Q

What happens when Parathyroid is under activity?

A
  • High bone calcium, low blood calcium

- Tetany

43
Q

What happens when Parathyroid is over activity?

A
  • Osteoporosis

- High blood calcium, low bone calcium

44
Q

What happens when “Thyroid” is over activity?

A
  • Goiter
  • Increased metabolic rate
  • Grave disease “Negative feed back absence”
45
Q

What happens when “Thyroid” is under activity?

A
  • Hashimoto disease “Enlarged and inflamed Thyroid”
  • Can also Goiter
  • Reduced metabolic rate
46
Q

What happens when “Pancreas” is Overactivity and Underactivity?

A

Overactivity: Hypoglemia ( low blood sugar)
Underactivity: Hyperglemia (high blood sugar)

47
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Production or development of the “Spermatozoa”

48
Q

What are the stages of “Spermatogenesis”?

A

Spermatogonia > Primary Spermatocyte > Secondary Spermatocytes > Spermatids > Spermatozoa

49
Q

What is Oogenesis?

A

Production or development of the “Ovum”

50
Q

What are the stages of “Oogenesis”?

A

Oogonium > Primary Oocyte > Egg cell or Ovum

51
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

Creation of highly specialised sex cells

52
Q

Nerve cell bodies are?

A

Brain, Spinal Chord, Ventral Nerve Core, Peripheral Ganglia

53
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Receives the information.

54
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Receive impulses.

55
Q

What are inter neurons?

A

Communicates

56
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Extension of the cell.

57
Q

What is an axon?

A

A nerve faber that conducts electrical impulses.

58
Q

Why does the brain needs brain boosting foods?

A

Because the brain is an energy intensive organ

59
Q

Examples of brain boosting are?

A

Oily Fish, Dark Chocolate, Berries, Nuts and Seeds, Whole Grain, Coffee, Avocados, Eggs

60
Q

What are “Neurotransmitters”?

A

Chemical messenger that transports signals from a nerve cell.

61
Q

What foods increases “Adrenaline” and what does it do?

A

Green tea, Vitamin C; Increases heart rate and blood flow

62
Q

What food increases “Noradrenaline” and what does it do?

A

Egg, fish; contracts blood vessels and increases blood flow.

63
Q

What food increases “Dopamine” and what does it do?

A

Banana, Plantain, Avocado, Orange; Primary for motivation. BUT too much Dopamine cases ADDICTION

64
Q

What food increases “Serotonin” and what does it do?

A

Chinese cabbage, paprika, potato; Contributes feelings of well beings.

65
Q

What food increases “Gaba” and what does it do?

A

Pea, Tomato, Spinach, Potato; is to reduce the activity of the neurons to which it binds

66
Q

What food increases “Acetylcholine” and what does it do?

A

Bitter orange, egg plant, pea; Activates muscle contraction.

67
Q

What food increases “Glutamate” and what does it do?

A

Caviar, Cheese, Seafood, seaweed, soy noodle; Creation of new neutron pathway and learning and memory

68
Q

What food increases “Endorphins” and what does it do?

A

Chocolate, spice food, strawberries; Feeling of Euphoria and pain reduction.

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