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Co-ordination and response > Nervous control in humans > Flashcards

Nervous control in humans Flashcards

1
Q

Synapse

A

A Junction between two neurone

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2
Q

Motor neurone

A

transmits nerve impulse from effector to CNS(Central nervous system

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3
Q

Effector

A

Muscles or glands

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4
Q

what happens when nerve impulse from cns reach the effector muscles and glands

A

They go into action Muscles contract nd glands produce enzymes or hormones

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5
Q

What are nerve cells

A

They are neurones

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6
Q

what does Relay neurone do ?

A

They connect with other neurone in the cns

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7
Q

What does CNS consists of

A

Brains and spinal chord

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8
Q

why do most nerves contain a mixture of motor and sensory fibre

A

To transmit different impulses

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9
Q

Do Neurone carry sensation

e.g pain or cold

A

they dont carry

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10
Q

when are the sensation felt

A

Only when a nerve impulse reaches the brain

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11
Q

Where does voluntary action start

A

in the brain

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12
Q

What is voluntary action

A

Its not automatic ,thought of and consciously performed by the person.

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13
Q

What are involuntary actions

A

It occurs without the conscious choice

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14
Q

what does involuntary action maintain

A

blood pressure
breathing rate
heartbeat
body processes

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15
Q

sense organs

A

are a group of sensory cells responding to specific stimuli such as light,sound,touch,temp and chemicals.

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16
Q

Receptors

A

Are structure that respond to stimuli

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17
Q 
Sense organs and their stimuli
Eye-?
Ear-?
Nose-?
Tongue-?
Skin-?
A 
Eye-Light
Ear-sound
Nose-Smell(chemicals)
Tongue-Taste(Chemicals)
Skin-Temp,pressure,pain
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18
Q

Label sensory and motor neurone

A

Check txt bk

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19
Q

Lable the eye

A

Check txt bk

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20
Q

Say the function of the cornea ,iris,lens,retina ,optic nerve

A

page 186

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21
Q

What produces focused image on retina

A

light from an object

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22
Q

why does pupil change in size

A

bc of the exposure of the eye to different light intentsity

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23
Q

how is the amount of light controlled

A

the altering of the size of the pupil

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24
Q

what happens when bright is shone on eyes

A

the pupil diameter reduces to restrict the amout of light reaching the retina which contains light sensitive cells

25
Q

what happens when dim light is shone

A

the pupil increases in size allowing enough light to enter the retina and stimulate the light sensitive cellls

26
Q

What happens to the lenses when the eyes are trying to see distant vision

A

the lens are thinner

27
Q

What happens to the lenses when the eyes are trying to see near vision

A

the lenses become thicker

28
Q

what are the two kinds of light sensitive cells in the retina

A

rods and cone

29
Q

what important role does the cone play

A

enables us to distinguish colours

30
Q

what are the three types of cone cell

A

one type responds best to red light
one to green
one to blue

31
Q

what happens when all type of cones get stimulated

A

we get sensation of white

32
Q

where are the cone cells located and what is it called

A

its concentrated in the central part of the retina called the fovea

33
Q

what happens in the blind spot area

A

the are no optic nerves or sensory cells so the information doesn”t reach the brain abt the image that falls on the blind spot

34
Q

hormones in human

hormones

A

is a chemical secreted by the gland which is carried by the blood whic alter the activity of one or more specific target organs

35
Q

what happens to hormones in the bloodstream after some while

A

the hormones are broken down by the liver and excreted out by the kidney

36
Q

why are hormones called ductless glands

A

the hormones are directly picked up from the glands

37
Q

what happens when there is definciene or excess hormones

A

can lead to sickness

38
Q

what happens when there is deficiency or excess hormones

A

can lead to sickness

39
Q

what happens when there is a difference in the activity of hormones

A

there will be a difference in the personality nd temperament

40
Q

what does the medulla receive and from where?

produce what hormone

A

nerve impulses from the brain to produce Adrenaline

41
Q

state 4 Adrenaline effect

A
  • in stressful situations nerve impulses are sent from the brain to the adrenal medulla which release adrenaline
  • it presence cause to breathe faster nd pant for breathe
  • the pupil dilate making them look blacker
  • The heart beat faster resulting in an increase in pulse rate
42
Q

How does the adrenaline effect help us

A

it will make us act quick and vigorously in a dangerous situation

43
Q

panccreas

A

is a digestive gland that secrets enzyme into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct

44
Q

islet

A

the hormone producing group arranged in an isolated group

45
Q

islet and example of a hormone

A

the hormone producing group arranged in an isolated group

insulin

46
Q

what doe insulin do

why?

A

it lowers the level of glucose by instructing .the liver to removes the sugar and store them away
bc of when the meal eaten is rich in carbohydrates

47
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of constant internal environment

48
Q

what are the skin function of protection

A

The outermost layer of dead cells of the epidermis help reduce water loss and provides a barrier against bacteria
The pigment cell give protection from ultraviolet rays in the sun

49
Q

What is the skin function of sensitivity

A

There many tiny receptors in the body which gives rises to sensation like touch smell heat

50
Q

temperature regulation

A

The skin helps to keep the body temperature more or less constant .This is done by adjusting the flow of blood near the surface and by sweating

51
Q

type 1 diabetes nd symptoms

A

failure of the islet to produce sufficient insulin
feeling tires
very thirsty
frequent urination nd weight loss

52
Q

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

A

the widening of arterioles in dermis to allow more warm blood to flow through the capillaries near the skin surface ton reduce cold
the constriction of arterioles in dermis does not allow warm blood capillaries to the surface to reduce heat

53
Q

Sensitivity

A

is the ability to respond to specific stimuli

54
Q

Tropism

A

are growth movement related to directional stimuli

55
Q

Gravitropism

A

is a response in which a plants grows towards or away from gravity

56
Q

Phototropism

A

is a response in which a plants grows away or towards

from light

57
Q

advantage of positive phototropism

A

the shoots growing towards the source of light which help the photosynthesis to take place on the leaves

58
Q

advantage of positive Gravitropism

A

They grow vertically, it lifts the leaves and flower of the ground and helps plant to compete for light and carbon dioxide

59
Q

Advantages of positive gravitropism in roots

A

By growing towards gravity the roots would be able penetrate also make anchorage nd source of water and minerals

Co-ordination and response (1 decks)

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