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Co-ordination and response > Nervous control in humans > Flashcards

Nervous control in humans Flashcards

1
Q

Synapse

A

A Junction between two neurone

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2
Q

Motor neurone

A

transmits nerve impulse from effector to CNS(Central nervous system

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3
Q

Effector

A

Muscles or glands

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4
Q

what happens when nerve impulse from cns reach the effector muscles and glands

A

They go into action Muscles contract nd glands produce enzymes or hormones

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5
Q

What are nerve cells

A

They are neurones

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6
Q

what does Relay neurone do ?

A

They connect with other neurone in the cns

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7
Q

What does CNS consists of

A

Brains and spinal chord

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8
Q

why do most nerves contain a mixture of motor and sensory fibre

A

To transmit different impulses

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9
Q

Do Neurone carry sensation

e.g pain or cold

A

they dont carry

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10
Q

when are the sensation felt

A

Only when a nerve impulse reaches the brain

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11
Q

Where does voluntary action start

A

in the brain

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12
Q

What is voluntary action

A

Its not automatic ,thought of and consciously performed by the person.

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13
Q

What are involuntary actions

A

It occurs without the conscious choice

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14
Q

what does involuntary action maintain

A

blood pressure
breathing rate
heartbeat
body processes

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15
Q

sense organs

A

are a group of sensory cells responding to specific stimuli such as light,sound,touch,temp and chemicals.

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16
Q

Receptors

A

Are structure that respond to stimuli

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17
Q 
Sense organs and their stimuli
Eye-?
Ear-?
Nose-?
Tongue-?
Skin-?
A 
Eye-Light
Ear-sound
Nose-Smell(chemicals)
Tongue-Taste(Chemicals)
Skin-Temp,pressure,pain
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18
Q

Label sensory and motor neurone

A

Check txt bk

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19
Q

Lable the eye

A

Check txt bk

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20
Q

Say the function of the cornea ,iris,lens,retina ,optic nerve

A

page 186

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21
Q

What produces focused image on retina

A

light from an object

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22
Q

why does pupil change in size

A

bc of the exposure of the eye to different light intentsity

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23
Q

how is the amount of light controlled

A

the altering of the size of the pupil

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24
Q

what happens when bright is shone on eyes

A

the pupil diameter reduces to restrict the amout of light reaching the retina which contains light sensitive cells

25
what happens when dim light is shone
the pupil increases in size allowing enough light to enter the retina and stimulate the light sensitive cellls
26
What happens to the lenses when the eyes are trying to see distant vision
the lens are thinner
27
What happens to the lenses when the eyes are trying to see near vision
the lenses become thicker
28
what are the two kinds of light sensitive cells in the retina
rods and cone
29
what important role does the cone play
enables us to distinguish colours
30
what are the three types of cone cell
one type responds best to red light one to green one to blue
31
what happens when all type of cones get stimulated
we get sensation of white
32
where are the cone cells located and what is it called
its concentrated in the central part of the retina called the fovea
33
what happens in the blind spot area
the are no optic nerves or sensory cells so the information doesn"t reach the brain abt the image that falls on the blind spot
34
hormones in human | hormones
is a chemical secreted by the gland which is carried by the blood whic alter the activity of one or more specific target organs
35
what happens to hormones in the bloodstream after some while
the hormones are broken down by the liver and excreted out by the kidney
36
why are hormones called ductless glands
the hormones are directly picked up from the glands
37
what happens when there is definciene or excess hormones
can lead to sickness
38
what happens when there is deficiency or excess hormones
can lead to sickness
39
what happens when there is a difference in the activity of hormones
there will be a difference in the personality nd temperament
40
what does the medulla receive and from where? | produce what hormone
nerve impulses from the brain to produce Adrenaline
41
state 4 Adrenaline effect
- in stressful situations nerve impulses are sent from the brain to the adrenal medulla which release adrenaline - it presence cause to breathe faster nd pant for breathe - the pupil dilate making them look blacker - The heart beat faster resulting in an increase in pulse rate
42
How does the adrenaline effect help us
it will make us act quick and vigorously in a dangerous situation
43
panccreas
is a digestive gland that secrets enzyme into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct
44
islet
the hormone producing group arranged in an isolated group
45
islet and example of a hormone
the hormone producing group arranged in an isolated group | insulin
46
what doe insulin do | why?
it lowers the level of glucose by instructing .the liver to removes the sugar and store them away bc of when the meal eaten is rich in carbohydrates
47
Homeostasis
Maintenance of constant internal environment
48
what are the skin function of protection
The outermost layer of dead cells of the epidermis help reduce water loss and provides a barrier against bacteria The pigment cell give protection from ultraviolet rays in the sun
49
What is the skin function of sensitivity
There many tiny receptors in the body which gives rises to sensation like touch smell heat
50
temperature regulation
The skin helps to keep the body temperature more or less constant .This is done by adjusting the flow of blood near the surface and by sweating
51
type 1 diabetes nd symptoms
failure of the islet to produce sufficient insulin feeling tires very thirsty frequent urination nd weight loss
52
Vasodilation | Vasoconstriction
the widening of arterioles in dermis to allow more warm blood to flow through the capillaries near the skin surface ton reduce cold the constriction of arterioles in dermis does not allow warm blood capillaries to the surface to reduce heat
53
Sensitivity
is the ability to respond to specific stimuli
54
Tropism
are growth movement related to directional stimuli
55
Gravitropism
is a response in which a plants grows towards or away from gravity
56
Phototropism
is a response in which a plants grows away or towards | from light
57
advantage of positive phototropism
the shoots growing towards the source of light which help the photosynthesis to take place on the leaves
58
advantage of positive Gravitropism
They grow vertically, it lifts the leaves and flower of the ground and helps plant to compete for light and carbon dioxide
59
Advantages of positive gravitropism in roots
By growing towards gravity the roots would be able penetrate also make anchorage nd source of water and minerals

Co-ordination and response (1 decks)

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