Nervous Control Flashcards
What is the CNS made of?
The brain & spinal cord
The nervous system is a communication system that controls all parts of your body. What two parts is the nervous system made of?
The Central Nervous System & the Peripheral Nervous System
What is the PNS?
The PNS is made up of nerve cells which send messages to and from the CNS to other parts of the body
What does the CNS do?
IT RECEIVES INFORMATION, PROCESSES THE INFORMATION AND THEN SENDS OUT MESSAGES TELLING THE BODY HOW TO RESPOND
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM MADE UP AND WHAT DOES IT DO (3 POINTS)
1) MADE UP OF TRILLIONS OF NEURONES (neurones are individual cells & together they create nerves)
2) THEY CARRY ELECTRICAL MESSAGES (NERVE IMPULSES) WHICH TRAVEL QUICKLY AND CAN ONLY GO IN ONE DIRECTION
WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN PARTS OF A NEURONE?
CELL BODY- CONTROL CENTRE, CONTAINS NUCLEUS
DENDRITES- BRANCH OUT FROM CELL BODY AND RECEIVE INFORMATION FROM OTHER NERVE CELLS WHICH IS THEN SENT TO CELL BODY
AXON- KEEPS IMPULSE TRAVELLING IN ONE DIRECTION AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY
KNOBS- PASS ON INFORMATION TO THE NEXT NEURONE
3 COMMON TYPES OF NEURONES
MOTOR NEURONES CARRY MESSAGES FROM THE CNS TO EFFECTORS, EFFECTORS ARE GLANDS OR MUSCLES THAT SECRET CHEMICALS AND PUT THE MESSAGE INTO EFFECT
SENSORY NEURONES CARRY MESSAGES FROM CELLS IN THE SENSE ORGANS TO THE CNS
RELAY NEURONES COMBINE THE MOTOR AND SENSORY NEURONES
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A IMPULSE REACHES THE KNON AT THE END OF AN AXON?
A CHEMICAL CALLED NEUROTRANSMITTER IS RELEASED INTO THE GAP BETWEEN THE NEURONES (SYNAPSE). THE NEUROTRANSMITTER CARRIES THE MESSAGE FROM THE AXON TO THE DENDRITE
WHAT ARE NEURONES COVERED WITH
NEURONES ARE COVERED WITH AN INSULATING LAYER CALLED MYELIN SHEATH. THE SHEATH ELECTRICALLY INSULATES THE NEURONE AND SPEEDS UP THE NERVE IMPULSE.
Parts of the CNS that contain neurones covered in myeline are called… The parts that contain mainly cell bodies are called… The outer parts of the brain are made up mainly of…
White matter
Grey matter
Grey matter
Cerebrum (3 points)
Takes up 80% of brain
Controls conscious thoughts and intentional movements. It also receives sensory messages from all body parts.
What is the cerebrum made up of?
2 hemispheres!
The right side controls the left side
And the left side controls the right side
The right side is creative, the left side is logical
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance. Without it, walking would be impossible.
The brain stem/medulla
The brain stem/medulla controls the body’s vital functions such as breathing, heart rate and bloody pressure!
The PNS has…
2 parts, the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system
