Nervous/CNS Flashcards
Nerve ending responsible for light touch
Meissner (cocoon-shaped)
Nerve ending responsible for pressure/vibration
Pacinian (onion shaped)
Atlanto-occipital joint
Nodding (yes)
Between C1 and occipital condyles
Atlanto-axial joint
Turning from side to side (no)
Between C1 and C2
At what spinal level will patient present with quadriplegia
Transection above C3
Spinal cord: sympathetic
Spinal cord: parasympathetic
Short pre-ganglionic; thoracolumbar
Long pre-ganglionic; craniosacral
At what age do the following fontanelles close?
Anterior and mastoid
Posterior and sphenoid
2 years old
6 months
What are the components of the ANTERIOR foramen?
Cribiform plate: Anterior and posterior ethmoid plate
CN I: Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves
What are the components of the MIDDLE foramen?
Optic canal: CN II, ophthalmic a., central a./v. of retina
Superior orbital fissure: CN III, IV,V1, VI, ophthalmic v.
Foramen rotundum: V2
Foramen ovale: V3, lesser petrosal n., accessory meningeal a.
Foramen spinsoum: Middle meningeal a., epidural hemorrhage
What are the components of the POSTERIOR foramen?
Internal acoustic meatues: CN VII, VIII (otorrhea)
Jugular foramen: CN IX, X, XII
Hypoglossal canal: CN XII
Foramen magnum: Medulla of brainstem, CN XI, vertebral a.
What is a congenital malformation that presents with herniation of the medulla through the foramen magnum
Arnold-Chiari malformation (Foramen magnum malformation)
What is the most common site of aneurysm?
Anterior communicating artery
What is the etiology of epidural hemorrhage?
Middle meningeal artery
Lens/convex-shaped
Lucid interval
What is the etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Berry aneurysm involving the anterior communicating artery
What is the etiology of a subdural hemorrhage?
Superior cerebelar veins (bridging/bridging veins)
Crescent-shaped
What do the following monitor?
Carotid body
Carotid sinus
Oxygen status (Body needs oxygen) Pressure
What skull bone is not present at birth?
Mastoid
Appears at 2 years old
masTWOid
What are the Brodmann areas of the following: Visual Primary auditory Auditory association Uncus/olfactory Motor/Premotor
17 41,42 22 34 4/6
Where is Broca’s area located?
Area 44, inferior frontal gyrus, left
Where is Wernicke’s area located?
Area 22, superior temporal
Which disease presents with “box-car” ventricles
Huntington’s disease
Atrophy of the caudate nucleus
Where is the lesion located if the patient presents with pinpoint pupils?
Pons
What is the most common site of hypertensive bleed?
Putamen
What are the branches of internal carotid artery
I See A (ICA) CAMPOS Choroidal Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral Posterior communicating Ophthalmic artery Superior hypophyseals Amaurosis fugax Ophthalmic artery
Which artery is involved in amaurosis fugax?
Ophthalmic artery
What is the confluence of cerebral sinuses called?
Torcular herophili
Superior sagittal, occipital, straight sinus (SOS)
What is the vein of Labbe?
Inferior anastomotic vein
What are the contents of the cavernouse sinus?
CN III, IV, V1 and V2, VI, ICA
Complication of infection involving the dangerous triangle of the face?
Thrombosis of facial vein via the inferior ophthalmic vein
What is the most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus?
Aqueductal stenosis
What is the Meyer’s loop ?
Ophthalmic finding of “Pie in the sky” involving the temporal area
What is the Herring’s nerve?
CN IX
What are the purely sensory CN?
I, II, VIII
What are parasympathetic CN?
1973 (IX, X, VII, III)
What are the components of basal ganglia?
Substantia nigra
Striatum
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Landmark: bifurcation of common carotid
C4
Landmark: Nipple
Dermatome: T4
Spinal: 4th ICS
Landmark for diaphragmatic apertures
IVC, right prenic nerve
Esophagus, Vagus (Esovagus)
Aorta, Azygos, Thoracic (AAT)
I ate (I8) 10 eggs (10E) at 12 (A12)
T8
T10
T12
Landmark: inguinal ligament
Dermatome L1
Landmark: HTC
Hyoid
Thyroid
Cricoid
C4
C5
C6
Landmark: Umbilicus
Dermatome: T10
Vertebral level: L4
Landmark: bifurcation of the aorta
L4
