nervous and hormonal communication Flashcards

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1
Q

stimuli

A

change in internal or external environment

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2
Q

neurons

A
  • sensory neuron transmit electrical impulses from receptors to CNS
  • motor neuron transmit electrical impulses from CNS to effector
  • relay neuron transmit electrical impulses between sensory and motor
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3
Q

responding to stimuli

A
  • receptor detects stimuli and sends electrical impulse along sensory
  • when the impulse reaches the end of neuron neurotransmitters take information to next neuron which sends electrical impulse
  • CNS processes information and sends impulse along motor to effectors
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4
Q

respond to dim light

A
  • stimuli is dim light
  • light receptors in eye detect lack of light
  • CNS processes information
  • radial muscles in the iris are stimulated by motor
  • radial muscles contract to dilate pupils
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5
Q

glands

A
  • they are a group of cells that are specialized to secrete useful substances
  • glands are stimulated by an electrical impulse and when there is change in conc of a specific substance
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6
Q

hormones

A
  • hormones are chemical messengers and can be progesterone, steroids, peptides
  • hormones secreted when glands are stimulated
  • they diffuse into blood and carried around
  • they diffuse out of the blood all over the body and bind to specific receptors for that hormone found on the membrane of cells
  • hormone triggers response in target cells
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7
Q

e.g. of hormone sending information

A
  • stimulus is low blood glucose
  • receptors on pancreas cell detect low blood glucose
  • pancreas release hormone glucagon in the blood
  • effector- target cells in liver break glucagon and convert glycogen to glucose
  • glucose released into the blood
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8
Q
  • nervous
    *hormonal communication
A
  • uses electrical impulses
  • uses chemicals
  • faster response as impulses are fast
  • slower response as hormones travel with the blood
  • localized response as electric impulse carried to specific cells
  • widespread response as target cells can be allover the body
  • short lived response as neurotransmitters are removed quickly
  • long lived responses as hormones aren’t broken down very easily
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