nervous and hormonal communication Flashcards
1
Q
stimuli
A
change in internal or external environment
2
Q
neurons
A
- sensory neuron transmit electrical impulses from receptors to CNS
- motor neuron transmit electrical impulses from CNS to effector
- relay neuron transmit electrical impulses between sensory and motor
3
Q
responding to stimuli
A
- receptor detects stimuli and sends electrical impulse along sensory
- when the impulse reaches the end of neuron neurotransmitters take information to next neuron which sends electrical impulse
- CNS processes information and sends impulse along motor to effectors
4
Q
respond to dim light
A
- stimuli is dim light
- light receptors in eye detect lack of light
- CNS processes information
- radial muscles in the iris are stimulated by motor
- radial muscles contract to dilate pupils
5
Q
glands
A
- they are a group of cells that are specialized to secrete useful substances
- glands are stimulated by an electrical impulse and when there is change in conc of a specific substance
6
Q
hormones
A
- hormones are chemical messengers and can be progesterone, steroids, peptides
- hormones secreted when glands are stimulated
- they diffuse into blood and carried around
- they diffuse out of the blood all over the body and bind to specific receptors for that hormone found on the membrane of cells
- hormone triggers response in target cells
7
Q
e.g. of hormone sending information
A
- stimulus is low blood glucose
- receptors on pancreas cell detect low blood glucose
- pancreas release hormone glucagon in the blood
- effector- target cells in liver break glucagon and convert glycogen to glucose
- glucose released into the blood
8
Q
- nervous
*hormonal communication
A
- uses electrical impulses
- uses chemicals
- faster response as impulses are fast
- slower response as hormones travel with the blood
- localized response as electric impulse carried to specific cells
- widespread response as target cells can be allover the body
- short lived response as neurotransmitters are removed quickly
- long lived responses as hormones aren’t broken down very easily