Nervous And Endocrine System - Brain Flashcards
What are the meninges?
-3 Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
-Circulates in between the inner and middle meninges and through the central part of the spinal cord.
-Acts as a shock absorber and transport medium for nutrients and waste.
What is the blood-brain barrier ?
-Meninges prevent direct circulation of blood through the cells of the brain and spinal cord.
-Forms a barrier that blocks toxins and infectious agents
-Glucose and oxygen can still pass through barrier by special transport mechanisms.
-Lipid soluble substances can pass through (e.g. caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, heroin, etc.)
What does the Cerebellum do?
-Coordination of posture, reflexes, body movements and fine voluntary motor skills.
-Receives information from proprioreceptors (specializes sensors) within skeletal muscles and joints.
-Hindbrain.
What does the Medulla Oblongata do?
-Connects brain and spinal cord.
-Controls autonomic responses. (HR, breathing, swallowing, coughing.)
-Hindbrain.
What are pons?
-Relay station between the neurons in the two hemispheres of the brain, cerebellum, and rest of the brain.
-Hindbrain.
What is the midbrain?
-Above the pons in the brain stem.
-Relays visual and auditory info between different areas.
-Important role in eye movement and control of skeletal muscle.
What is the thalamus?
-Relay station of the brain (another).
-Between forebrain and hindbrain and between sensory system and cerebellum.
-Forebrain.
What is the hypothalamus?
-Regulates the body’s internal environment and certain aspects of behaviour.
-Neurons control increase or decrease of blood pressure, HR, body temp, thirst/hunger and emotions.
-Major link between nervous and endocrine systems.
-Forebrain.
What is the cerebrum?
-Largest portion of the brain.
-Contains centres for intellect, memory, consciousness, language.
-Interprets and controls response to sensory infor.
Internal white matter (myelinated), outer grey matter (unmyelinated), (cerebral cortex).
-Separated into left and right hemispheres which is linked together by bundle of white matter called the corpus callosum.
What does the right hemisphere of the Cerebrum do?
-Holistic thinking, artistic thinking, visual-spatial skills.
-Controls left side of body.
What does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum do?
-Sequential and logical thinking, linguistic, and mathematical skills, analyzing text.
-Controls right side of body.
What is the occipital lobe?
-Recieve and analyze visual information.
-Damage may result in a person being able to see objects but not recognizing them.
-Small area in the back.
What is the Temporal lobe?
-Auditory reception.
-Understand speech and retrieve visual + verbal info.
-Bottom middle.
What is the Parietal lobe?
-Process sensory info from skin.
-Able to process info about body position and orientation.
-Upper right.
What is the frontal lobe?
-Integrate information from other parts of the brain, reasoning, critical thinking, memory, personality, speech and contain fine motor control of various aspects of movement.
What does the corpus callosum do?
-Bundle of white matter links right and left hemisphere of cerebrum.
