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MT 2 (CT) > NERVES OF STEEL > Flashcards

NERVES OF STEEL Flashcards

0
Q

what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. central nervous system (CNS)

2. peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A
  1. coordinate and control body activity

2. process internal and external information and formulate appropriate responses.

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2
Q

what does the CNS consist of?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

what does the PNS consist of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves
autonomic nervous system
ganglia

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4
Q

what are neurons

A

basic unit of the nervous system

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons

A

sensory (afferent)
associative
motor (efferent)

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body (soma)
Dendrites
Axon

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7
Q

what is the function of dendrites?

what is the combining form?

A

carry impulses toward the cell body

dendr/o = branching

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8
Q

what is the function of the axon

what is the combining form?

A

carry impulses away from the cell body

ax/o

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9
Q

what is the space between two neurons or between an neuron and a receptor called?

what are the combining forms?

A

synapse

synaps/o
synapt/o

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10
Q

in the synapse chemical substances called ________ are released into the space to allow information to be relayed

A

neurotransmitters

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11
Q

______, or ____ ____, are the supportive cells of the nervous system

what is the combining form?

A

Neuroglia, or glial cells

gli/o = glue

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12
Q

Glial cells include the following: (5 things)

A 
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes 
Schwann cells
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13
Q

what is the purpose of myelin?

A

serves as a protective covering and

an electrical insulator/ speed boost

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14
Q

Myelin:

interrupted at regular intervals along the length of a fiber by gaps are called __________ ____ __________.

A

nodes of Ranvier

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15
Q

White matter

________ gives nerve fibers a white color

A

myelin

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16
Q

gray matter

does not contain ___________ fibers

A

myelinated

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17
Q

one or more bundles of impulse-carrying fibers that connect the CNS to other parts of the body are called ________

what are the combining forms

A

nerves

neur/i
neur/o

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18
Q

bundles of nerves outside the nervous system are called _______

A

ganglion

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19
Q

a network of intersecting nerves are called ______

A

plexus

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20
Q

The stimulation of body parts through action of nerves is called _______

A

innervation

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21
Q

something that excites or activates is called ________

A

stimulus

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22
Q

an involuntary action/ reaction is called _______

A

reflex

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23
Q

sensory organs that receive external stimulation and transmits information are called ________

A

receptors

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24
Q

what are the two types of receptors

A

Nociceptive

proprioceptive

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25
Q

what type of receptors are pain receptors

A

Nociceptive

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26
Q

what type of receptors are orientation or perception of movement receptors

A

proprioceptive

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27
Q

what is the combining form for brain

what is the combining form for the spinal cord

A

encephal/o

myel/o

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28
Q

_______ is the three layer membrane that surrounds the CNS

what are the combining forms

A

meninges

mening/o
meningi/o

29
Q

what are the three layers of the meninge

A

dura matter

arachnoid membrane

pia matter

30
Q

what is epidural?

A

above the dura

31
Q

what is CSF, and what is its function?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

it cools, nourishes, and cushions the CNS

32
Q

_______ is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for _______ and _________ __________.

what is the combing form

A

Cerebrum, receiving and processing information

Cerebr/o

33
Q

________ is the second largest part of the brain and is responsible for ___________ _________ _________

what is the combining form

A

Cerebellum, coordinating muscle activity

Cerebell/o

34
Q

_____ connect the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord

A

brain stem

35
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the _________ ________and is made up of ________ _______.

A

cerbral cortex

gray matter

36
Q

Elevated portions of the cerebrum are called _______ and the grooves are called ________

combining forms for both

A

gyri

gyr/o

sulci

sulc/o

37
Q

The brain stem consists of _______, ______ _______, ______, and _______

A

pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain, and interbrain

38
Q

What part of the brain stem controls basic life function?

A

medulla oblongata

39
Q

what is the continuation of the medulla oblongata and the brainstem

A

spinal cord

40
Q

what are intervertebral discs

A

layers of fibrocartilage that separate and cushion the vertebrae

41
Q

what is ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

42
Q

what are the two divisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic= fight or flight

parasympathetic= maintains normal body function

43
Q

what is a cerebralspinal fluid tap

A

removal of spinal fluid

44
Q

what is myelography

A

looking at the spinal cord

45
Q

what is pupillay light reflex

A

involuntary reaction of eyes dilating and constricting

46
Q

what is amnesia

A

memory loss

47
Q

what is ataxia

A

without coordination

48
Q

what is catalepsy

A

rigidity of muscles

49
Q

what is cataplexy

A

muscle weakness

50
Q

what is chorea

A

twitch/ spasm

51
Q

what is proprioceptive deficit

A

lack of proprioception

52
Q

what is contusion

A

bruising

53
Q

what is encephalitis

A

brain inflammation

54
Q

what is epilepsy

A

condition of having seizures

55
Q

what is hyperesthesia

A

increased sensitivity (usually pain)

56
Q

what is hypnosis

A

trance

57
Q

what is meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

58
Q

what is myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

59
Q

what is opisthotonos

A

muscle rigidity that can break back/ neck

60
Q

what is paralysis

A

loss of function

61
Q

what is ptosis

A

drooping (loss of muscle tone)

62
Q

what is a seizure

A

act on convulsing

63
Q

what is analgesia

A

without pain

64
Q

what is anesthesia

A

without feeling

65
Q

what is neurectomy

A

removal of nerve

66
Q

what is neuroanastomosis

A

connecting nerves together

67
Q

what is neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of nerves

68
Q

what is neurorraphy

A

suturing nerves

69
Q

what is neurotomy

A

cutting nerves

MT 2 (CT) (2 decks)

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