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HK 302 > Nerves lower limb > Flashcards

Nerves lower limb Flashcards

nefves and vessels

1
Q

Sensory nerve fibers

A

conduct information from the PNS to the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

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2
Q

Motor nerve fibers

A

conduct the response from the brain to the PNF

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3
Q

Dorsal (posterior) spinal root:

A

incoming sensory root connects to the dorsal spinal cord

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4
Q

Ventral (anterior) spinal root:

A

outgoing motor root extends from the ventral spinal cord

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5
Q

Plexus:

A

network of nerves, vessels, connective tissue fibers

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6
Q

Lumbosacral plexus (lumbar portion)

A

(L1-L4 spinal nerves)

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7
Q

Lumbosacral plexus (Sacral portion)

A

(L4-S4 spinal nerves)

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8
Q

Lumbosacral plexus (supplies)

A

Supplies the lower limb, buttocks, pelvis, and perineum

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9
Q

Lumbar plexus location

A

under the psoas major

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10
Q

Lumbar plexus: Two main nerves

A

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

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11
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Largest nerve of lumbar plexus

• Passes under the inguinal ligament in a groove formed by the iliacus and psoas major

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12
Q

Femoral nerve inervates

A

Innervates iliopsoas, anterior femoral musculature, and skin of the thigh

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13
Q

Obturator nerve (path of travel)

A

Exits the pelvis via the obturator foramen and descends into the medial femoral region

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14
Q

Obturator nerve (Innervates)

A

Innervates the muscles that adduct the hip

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15
Q

sacral Plexus

A

Large compact plexus formed by the L4-S4 spinal nerves, lie on the posterior wall of the pelvis

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16
Q

sacral Plexus (5 parts)

A 
Superior gluteal nerve
• Inferior gluteal nerve
• Sciatic nerve
•       Tibial nerve
• .      Peroneal nerve
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17
Q

Gluteal Nerves (2)

A

Superior, Inferior

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18
Q

Superior gluteal nerve (enters)

A

Enters the buttock just

above the piriformis

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19
Q

Superior gluteal nerve (innervates)

A

Innervates the hip abductors (Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, TFL)

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20
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve (enters)

A

Enters the buttocks just

below the piriformis

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21
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve (innervates)

A

Innervates gluteus maximus

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22
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

Largest nerve in the body

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23
Q

Sciatic Nerve (exits)

A

Exits pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis

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24
Q

Sciatic Nerve (2 nerves comprised of)

A

Comprised of two motor nerves bound together, tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

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25
Q

Sciatic Nerve (innervates)

A

Innervates the long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranosis, adductor magnus

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26
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Larger portion of sciatic nerve (splits just superior to popliteal fossa) Gives rise to the medial and lateral plantar nerves in the foot

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27
Q

Tibial nerve Posterior region

A

Nerve passes under the heads of the gastrocnemius and soleus

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28
Q

Tibial nerve Posterior region (innervates)

A

Innervates the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus

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29
Q

Tibial nerve Plantar foot region

A

At the ankle, the tibial nerve passes under the medial malleolus and divides into terminal branches

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30
Q

Tibial nerve Plantar foot region (the division)

A

At the ankle, the tibial nerve passes under the medial malleolus and divides into terminal branches

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31
Q

Tibial nerve Plantar foot region (Lateral plantar nerve)

A

Innervates abductor digiti minimi, adductor hallicus, interossei, lumbrical 2-4

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32
Q

Tibial nerve Plantar foot region (Medial plantar nerve)

A

Innervates abductor hallicus, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallicus Brevis, lumbrical 1

33
Q

Peroneal Nerve (Common peroneal nerve)

A

Wraps around the lateral knee posterior and inferior to fibular head, Passes deep to the peroneus longus and divides into the deep and superficial peroneal nerves

34
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve (path of travel)

A

Emerges through the peroneus longus and terminates in the subcutaneous layer of the skin on the dorsum of the foot

35
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve (innervation)

A

Innervates the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

36
Q

Deep peroneal nerve (path of travel)

A

Descends deep in the anterior crural region between the tibialis anterior and extensor hallicus longus

37
Q

Deep peroneal nerve (innervation)

A

Innervates the tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus brevis, and extensor digitorum brevis

38
Q

Dermatomes

A

Each spinal level innervates a particular area of surface skin, Lower extremity patterns spiral from superior lateral to inferior medial

39
Q

Myotomes

A

Similar to skin sensation, muscle function can be isolated to spinal levels
Useful in determining if a spinal segment is dysfunctional

40
Q

Myotomes Levels and their associations

A 
L1: Hip flexion
L2: Hip flexion
L3: Knee extension
L4: Ankle dorsiflexion
 L5: Great toe extension
 S1: Ankle plantarflexion 
S2: Knee flexion
41
Q

Reflex testing (Tests for CNS function)

A
  • L4: patella tendon
  • S1: Achilles tendon
  • Babinski: bottom of foot: Toes should curl and flex; abnormal if toes extend
42
Q

Superficial veins (location)

A

Located in the subcutaneous fat in the thigh and leg

43
Q

Superficial veins (good to know)

A

Commonly utilized in coronary by-pass surgery,Prone to varicosities,

44
Q

varicose veins

A

Results from incompetent venous valves that allow back-pooling of blood or retrograde flow of blood

45
Q

varicose veins

A

varicose veins

46
Q

Great Saphenous veins

A

Longest vein in the body

47
Q

Great Saphenous veins (path of travel)

A

Arises from the medial side of the foot and ascends along the medial leg and thigh to drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

48
Q

Lessor saphenous veins

A

Arises from the lateral side of the foot and ascends the calf to drain in the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

49
Q

Internal iliac artery and vein (path of travel)

A

Arise at the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels and gives rise to the muscular branches that supply the perineum, pelvis, buttock, and medial femoral region

50
Q

Iliolumbar a & v:

A

iliopsoas

51
Q

Obturator a & v:

A

medial femoral

mms.

52
Q

Inferior gluteal a & v:

A

Glut max

53
Q

Superior gluteal a & v:

A

Glut max, Glut med, Glut min, TFL, piriformis

54
Q

External iliac artery and vein (path of travel)

A

Passes under the inguinal ligament to give rise to the femoral vessels

55
Q

Femoral a & v ( accesiories)

A

Lie in the femoral triangle and give rise to the deep femoral vessels which descend down to the adductor canal

56
Q

Femoral a & v ( accesiories) p2

A

As femoral vessels exit the adductor hiatus the run posterior and give rise to the popliteal vessels

57
Q

Femoral Triangle (Borders)

A

inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus

58
Q

Femoral Triangle (Contains)

A 
(lateral to medial): 
• Femoral nerve
• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Termination of the greater saphenous vein
59
Q

Femoral Triangle (important detail)

A

Common site of femoral hernias

60
Q

Femoral Hernias

A 
Occurs when abdominal viscera pass through the femoral canal
Relatively uncommon (3% of all hernias)
Usually need surgical correction
61
Q

Deep femoral artery & vein (path and splitting)

A

Largest branch of the femoral vessels that splits from the femoral artery about 2 inches below the inguinal ligament

62
Q

Deep femoral artery & vein (supplies blood to these regions)

A

Supplies most of the blood to the femoral region via:

• Medial circumflex femoral a & v • Lateral circumflex femoral a & v • 3-4 Perforating a & v’s

63
Q

Popliteal artery and vein (supplies blood to)

A

Supply structures of the popliteal fossa
and knee joint
• Genicular arteries and veins

64
Q

Popliteal artery and vein (supplies blood to)

A

Gives rise to the and anterior and posterior tibial vessels that supply the lower leg

65
Q

anterior and posterior tibial vessels (supplies)

A

supply the lower leg

66
Q

popliteal fossa

A

Diamond shaped area behind knee

67
Q

popliteal fossa Contains:

A
  • Popliteal vessels
  • Tibial and common peroneal nerve
  • Termination of the lesser saphenous vein
68
Q

Anterior tibial artery and vein path

A

Passes along the interosseous membrane to enter and supply the anterior and lateral lower leg compartments

Descends into the foot and gives rise to the dorsal pedal artery and vein that supplies the dorsal foot

69
Q

Posterior tibial artery and vein path

A

Passes posterior to the interosseous membrane to supply the posterior lower leg compartments

70
Q

Anterior tibial artery and vein gives rise to

A

Descends into the foot and gives rise to the dorsal pedal artery and vein that supplies the dorsal foot

71
Q

Posterior tibial artery and vein

A

Gives rise to the peroneal and lateral and medial plantar vessels

72
Q

Posterior tibial artery and vein

A

Major branch of the posterior

tibial vessels

73
Q

Posterior tibial artery and vein supply

A

Supplies the posterolateral crural muscles

74
Q

Plantar artery and vein

A

Posterior tibial vessels and nerve

  • Lateral plantar a & v:
  • Medial plantar a &v:
75
Q

Posterior tibial vessels and nerve: path

A

pass behind the medial malleolus (tarsal tunnel) and dive deep into the plantar foot

76
Q

Lateral plantar a & v

A

supply the middle and lateral plantar foot

77
Q

Medial plantar a &v

A

supply the medial plantar foot

78
Q

tarsal Tunnel location

A

Found just inferior to the medial malleolus

Roof is the flexor retinaculum

79
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Contains:

A
  • Tibialis posterior tendon
  • Flexor digitorum longus tendon • Posterior tibial artery
  • Posterior tibial vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon

HK 302 (1 decks)

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