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Dog Anatomy > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where does C1 CSN exit?

A

Lateral vertebral foramen of C1

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2
Q

What does C1 supply?

A

Muscles of atlanto occipital joint, part of sternohyoideus and sternothyrodieus

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3
Q

Where does C2 exit through?

A

Intervertebral foramen of C1 vertebrae

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4
Q

What does C2 supply to?

A

Cleidomastoideus and omotransversarius

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5
Q

What does C3 and C4 supply to ?

A

Epaxial and hypaxial muscles of neck, supplies brachipcephlicus parts, omotransversarius, and trapezius

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6
Q

What does C5 and C6 supply?

A

Diaphragm, becomes the phrenic nerve

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7
Q

What thoracic limb muscles are not supplied by the brachial plexus?

A

trapezius, omotransversarius, cleidomastoideus, cleidocervicalis

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8
Q

What are the CSN of the suprascapular nerve?

A

C6-C7

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9
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

extensors of shoulder: supra and infraspinatus

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10
Q

What happens if the suprascapular nerve is damaged?

A

deviation of shoulder outward, muscles unable to function

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11
Q

What compensates for the suprascapular nerve?

A

Brachiocephalicus and biceps brachii

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12
Q

How do you diagnose a damaged suprascapular nerve?

A

Seeing abducted shoulder and prominent scapular spine

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13
Q

What re the CSN segments of the axillary nerve?

A

C6-C8

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14
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Flexors of shoulder: teres major and minor, deltoideus

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15
Q

What happens if the axillary nerve is damaged?

A

Flexors of shoulder paralyzed, no cutaneous sensation on lateral aspect of shoulder or craniolateral aspect of upper brachium

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16
Q

What compensates for the axillary nerve?

A

latissimus dorsi and triceps

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17
Q

What are the reflex tests that can be used for the axillary nerve?

A

Pinprick: to see if there is sensation in the autonomous zone

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18
Q

What are the CSN segments of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C6-C8

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19
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Flexors of the elbow: biceps brachii and brachialis

Sensory: medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve

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20
Q

What happens if the musculocutaneous nerve is damaged?

A

paralysis of elbow flexors, no cutaneous sensation on medial aspect of antebrachium

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21
Q

How do you know if the musculocutaneous nerve is damaged?

A

Animal fails to offer paw, reluctant to go upstairs

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22
Q

What reflex tests can be done on the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Pin prick, biceps biceps reflex test

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23
Q

What are the CSN segments of the radial nerve?

A

C6-T1

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24
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Extensors of elbow, carpus and digits

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25
Q

What are the branches that the radial nerve gives off?

A

Cranial cutaneous antebrachial nerve (small)
lateral cutaneous antebrachial nerve (thick)
Deep muscular branch

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26
Q

What are the digits supplied by the radial nerve?

A

digits 1 through axial aspect of digit 4

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27
Q

What happens if you injure the radial nerve at a high level?

A

Can’t bear weight, paralysis of extensors, no cutaneous sensation, knuckling over of paw

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28
Q

What happens if you injure the radial nerve at a lower level?

A

no cutaneous sensation, limb can still bear weight because triceps brachii is not affected, paw will knuckle over

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29
Q

What are the reflex tests for the radial nerve?

A

Triceps brachii, externsor carpi radialis reflex test

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30
Q

What are the CSN segments of the Median nerve?

A

C7-T1

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31
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Caudomedial group of muscles of antebrachium, flexors of the carpus and digits

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32
Q

What does the median nerve run with and where?

A

Through carpal canal with median artery, vein, and palmar branch of the ulnar nerve

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33
Q

What happens if the median nerve is injured?

A

Effect pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis

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34
Q

What is a reflex test for the median nerve?

A

Pin pick on the caudomedial side of the manus

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35
Q

What are the CSN segments of the Ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

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36
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

caudomedial group of muscles of the antebrachium, flexors of the carpus and digits

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37
Q

What is the branch that the ulnar nerve gives off?

A

Caudal cutaneous antebrachial nerve

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38
Q

What digits does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Dorsal and palmar aspects of carpus and digits 5 and abaxial portion of digit 4

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39
Q

What happens if the ulnar nerve is damaged?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris will be affected

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40
Q

What reflex tests can be used on the ulnar nerve?

A

pin prick tests, interossei reflex test

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41
Q

What are the the segments of the Cleidobrachial nerve?

A

C6-C7

42
Q

What are the segments of the subscapular nerve?

A

C6-C7

43
Q

What are the segments of the superficial pectoral nerve?

A

C6-C8

44
Q

What are the segments of the thoracodorsal nerve?

A

C6-T1

45
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

46
Q

What are the segments of the deep pectoral nerve?

A

C6-T1

47
Q

What are the segments of the long thoracic nerve?

A

C8-T1

48
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

Serratus ventralis thoracis

49
Q

What are the segments of the lateral thoracic nerve?

A

C8-T1

50
Q

What does the lateral thoracic nerve supply?

A

Cutaneous trunci

51
Q

How do lumbar nerves run as opposed to cervical nerves?

A

In a caudal direction as opposed to running dorsally and ventrally

52
Q

What are the nerves that innervate the abdominal wall and pelvic limb?

A

Cranial iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
Caudal iliohypogastric nerve (L2)
ilioinguinal nerve (L3)
genitofemoral nerve (L4)

53
Q

Which nerves do you have to be careful about during a spay

A

Cranial and caudal iliohypogastric nerves

54
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve pass through?

A

Inguinal canal

55
Q

What branches form the femoral nerve?

A

L4-L6

56
Q

What type of innervation does the femoral nerve have?

A

Motor and sensory: extensors of stifle (sartorius)

quadriceps femoris

57
Q

What is a branch of the femoral nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

58
Q

What does the saphenous nerve innervate?

A

Skin on ventral half of medial aspect of thigh, medial stifle, leg and digits

59
Q

What happens if the femoral nerve is injured?

A

Loss of sensory innervation, unable to extend stifle can’t bear weight

60
Q

What are the segment of the obturator nerve?

A

L6

61
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator nerve?

A

No sensory, adduction of the limb, supplies medial group muscles of the thigh ( gracilis, pectineous, obturator)

62
Q

What happens if the obturator nerve is injured?

A

Limb may abduct from body when walking due to paralysis of adductors

63
Q

What makes up the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L6-S2

64
Q

What are the segments of the ischiatic/sciatic nerve?

A

L6-S1/2

65
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

hamstring group of muscles: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, tenissimus
outward rotators: gemeli, internal obturator, quadratus femoris

66
Q

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Common peroneal/fibular nerve

67
Q

What is the innervation of the Common peroneal/fibular nerve?

A

Motor and sensory to craniolater group of mOuscles of leg and dorsal aspect of pes
Superficial branch: supplies skin over craniolateral crus and pess
deep branch: supplies most of the muscle son dorsolateral aspect of leg: flexors of hock, extensor of digits

68
Q

What happens if the common peroneal/fibular nerve is injured?

A

Unable to extend digits, knuckling over, overextension of the hock, can still bear weight

69
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Motor and sensory to caudomedial group of leg muscles, extensors of tarsus, flexors fo the digits, plantar aspect

70
Q

What are the two branches of the tibial nerve?

A

Lateral plantar nerve and Medial plantar nerve

71
Q

What happens if the tibial nerve is injured?

A

Affects gastrocnemius, SDF, DDF,

total nerve injury: dropped hock, unable to bear weight as unable to extend hock

72
Q

What are the tests for the tibial nerve?

A

Gastrocnemius tendon reflex, extensor thrust reflex

73
Q

What does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Middle and deep gluteal and tensor fascia lata

74
Q

What does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Superficial gluteal, piriformis

75
Q

What is the purpose of the caudal gluteal nerve?

A

Aid in hip extension and abduction

76
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

Genitalia, pelvic diaphragm, sphincter ani externus, perineal region

77
Q

What is the branch off of the pudendal nerve?

A

Caudal rectal nerve

78
Q

What does the caudal rectal nerve supply?

A

external sphincter muscle

79
Q

What happens if the pudendal nerve is damaged?

A

Urinary incontinence

80
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory nerve

81
Q

What fibers are present in cranial nerve I?

A

SVA, sensory

82
Q

Where does cranial nerve I pass through?

A

Holes in cribriform plate to reach olfactory bulb

83
Q

What other nerve follow a similar route as cranial nerve I?

A

Terminal nerve and accessory olfactory nerve: flehmen response at the vomernasal organ

84
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic nerve

85
Q

What fibers are associated with Cranial nerve II?

A

SSA, sensory

86
Q

Where does the cranial nerve II arise from?

A

Retinal ganglion cells

87
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

88
Q

What fibers are associated with cranial nerve III?

A

Motor

89
Q

What does cranial nerve III innervate?

A

Dorsal rectus muscle of the eye, medial and ventral rectus muscle of the eye

90
Q

What does cranial nerve III do?

A

Control eye movement with CN IV and VI (trochlear and abducent)

91
Q

What happens if the cranial nerve III is damaged?

A

Lateral strabismus

92
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

93
Q

What are the fibers associated with trochlear nerve

A

motor

94
Q

What does this nerve innervate?

A

Dorsal oblique muscle of the eye

95
Q

What happens if the trochlear nerve is damaged?

A

dorsolateral strabismus

96
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

97
Q

What nerve fibers are associated with trigeminal nerve

A

Both sensory and motor

98
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic, mandibular, maxillary

99
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve pass through?

A

Trigeminal canal in petrous part of temporal bone where trigeminal ganglion is located

100
Q

What trigeminal nerve?does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoidues, rostral belly of digastricus

101
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

cheek, lower lip, tongue, lower teeth, external ear drum, external ear canal, skin of majority of head

Dog Anatomy (2 decks)

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