Nerves

Question 0

Where do the nerves originate and exit?

Answer 0

Arise from brain and exit through foramina leading to muscles, glands, and sense organs in head and neck

Question 1

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Olfactory nerve

Answer 2

Sense of smell

Damages cause impaired sense of smell

Question 3

Optic nerve

Answer 3

Provides vision

Damages causes blindness in visual field

Question 4

Ocularmotor nerve

Answer 4

Eye movement, opening eyelid, constrict pupil, focusing
Damages causes drooping eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, difficulty focusing and inability to move eye in a certain direction

Question 5

Torchlear nerve

Answer 5

Eye movement (superior oblique muscle)
Damages cause double vision and inability to rotate eye inferior laterally

Question 6

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 6

Sensory to face (touch pain and temp) and chewing muscles

Damage produces loss of sensation and impaired chewing

Question 7

Abducens nerve

Answer 7

Provides eye movement lateral rectus

Damage results in inability to rotate eye laterally and at rest eye rotates medially

Question 8

Facial nerve

Answer 8

Motor- facial expressions, salivary glands and tear, nasal and palatine glands
Sensory- taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Damage produces sagging facial muscles and distributed sense of taste (no sweet and salty)

Question 9

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 9

Provides hearing and sense of balance

Damage produces deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance and nystagmus

Question 10

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 10

Swallowing, salivating, gagging, control of BP and respiration
Sensations from posterior 1/3 of tongue
Damage results in loss of bitter and sour taste and impaired swallowing

Question 11

Vagus nerve

Answer 11

Swallowing, speech, regulation of viscera

Damage causes hoarseness or loss of voice, impaired swallowing and fatal if both are cut

Question 12

Accessory nerve

Answer 12

Swallowing, head, neck and shoulder movement

Damage causes impaired head, neck and shoulder movement; head turns towards injured side

Question 13

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 13

Tongue movements for speech, food, manipulation and swallowing
If both are damaged- can’t protrude tongue
If one side is damaged- tongue deviates towards injured side, see ipsilsteral atrophy

Question 14

Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 14

Episodes of intense stabbing pain in trigeminal nerve area near mouth or nose
Pain triggered by touch drinking or washing face
Treatment may require cutting nerve

Question 15

Bell’s palsy

Answer 15

Disorder of facial nerve causes paralysis of facial muscles on one side
May appear abruptly with full recovery within 3-5mweeks