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Nerves 1 > Nerves 1 > Flashcards

Nerves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory function

A

Receives incoming information (stimuli) from sensory receptors

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2
Q

Integrative function

A

Interprets and processes information to determine appropriate response

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3
Q

Effector function

A

Produces outgoing signals to initiate a response in muscles (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) or glands

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4
Q

Two primary subdivisions of the Nervous System

A

CNS (Central Nervous system)
Brain and spinal cord

PNS (Peripheral Nervous system)
Neural tissue outside CNS

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5
Q

Integrative in function (CNS)

A

Simple reflexes
Complex reflexes
Higher order functions:
Memory, learning, intelligence

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6
Q

Peripheral Nerves of the PNS

A

Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves

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7
Q

Peripheral Ganglia of the PNS

A

Sensory ganglia

Autonomic nervous system ganglia (sympathetic, parasympathetic)

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8
Q

Afferent Pathways

A

sensory information coming into the brain

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9
Q

Efferent Pathways

A

sensory information going out into effectors (skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles and glands)

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10
Q

Nerve Cells (neurons)

A

Electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals

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11
Q

Neuroglia (glial cells) Support cells

A

PNS: Satellite cells, Schwann cells
CNS: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

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12
Q

Collection of nerve cell processes (fibers) for transmission of information

A

PNS – nerve

CNS – white matter, fiber tract, column,

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13
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies for processing of information

A

PNS – ganglia

CNS – grey matter, nucleus, cortex

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14
Q

Posterior(dorsal) gray horns in the spinal cord contain what?

A

somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

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15
Q

Anterior (ventral) gray horns deal with what?

A

somatic motor control

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16
Q

Lateral gray horns contain what?

A

visceral (ANS) motor neurons

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17
Q

Ascending tracts of the white matter of spinal cord

A

Relay information from the spinal cord to the brain

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18
Q

Descending tracts of the white matter of spinal cord

A

Carry information from the brain to the spinal cord

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19
Q

Dorsal (posterior) root of spinal nerve

A

Sensory (afferent)

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20
Q

Ventral (anterior) root of spinal nerve

A

Motor (efferent)

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21
Q

Dermatomes

A

Region of skin monitored by the sensory afferents of a single spinal segment

22
Q

Telencephalon

A

cerebrum or cerebral hemispheres

23
Q

Diencephalon

A

thalamus & hypothalamus

24
Q

Mesencephalon

A

midbrain

25
Q

Metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

26
Q

Myencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

27
Q

Cortex of cerebral hemispheres

A

Highest level of processing

28
Q

Basal nuclei of cerebral hemispheres

A

Motor Control

29
Q

Thalamus

A

Processing sensory information

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

ANS & endocrine control

31
Q

Cortex of Cerebellum

A

Motor control

32
Q

Projection fibers

A

ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, brain stem, and brain

33
Q

Association fibers

A

connect between areas on the same side of the CNS

34
Q

Commissural fibers

A

connect between areas on opposite sides of the CNS

35
Q

Brain and spinal cord tissue

A
  1. neurons and glial cells

2. develop from the cells in the walls of of the developing hollow neural tube

36
Q

Ventricles of the brain and spinal canal of spinal cord

A

Develop from hollow center of developing neural tube

37
Q

Multiple support and protective systems

A

Skull, vertebrae, ligaments, muscles

Meninges

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Blood-brain barrier

38
Q

Meninges Connective tissue layers

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid

Pia mater

39
Q

Meninges Functions

A

Provide physical stability & shock absorption

Support blood vessels entering and exiting CNS tissue

40
Q

Anchor of the Spinal Cord; Base

A

to coccyx via filum terminale and coccygeal ligament

41
Q

Anchor of the Spinal Cord: Top

A

to periosteum of foramen magnum

42
Q

Anchor of the Spinal Cord: Laterally

A

denticulate ligaments

43
Q

Spinal Meninges provide cushioning how?

A

Epidural space with epidural fat separates dura mater from walls of vertebral canal

Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF

44
Q

Cranial Meninges

A

Continuous with the three layers of the spinal cord

Two layers of dura mater

45
Q

Folds of dura mater help stabilize the position of the brain

A

Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli, Falx cerebelli

Contain sinuses that serve as veins

46
Q

Subarachnoid space filled with what?

A

CSF

47
Q

CSF produced where?

A

Ventricles: fluid diffuses out of capillaries of the choroid plexus into ventricles

48
Q

Entrance and Exit of CSF

A

Ventricles to Subarachnoid space of Spinal cord and brain

Fluid circulates through subarachnoid space of spinal and cranial meninges

Exits across arachnoid granulations into superior sagittal sinus (vein)

49
Q

CSF functions

A

Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products

Provides cushioning and buoyancy

50
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Blockage of CSF circulation which causes pressure in ventricles. Enlarging ventricles damage neural tissue

51
Q

Arachnoid Granulations

A

Form after you’re born. As a baby, less likely to be impacted by the buildup of CSF. Once puberty, arachnoid granulations not developed enough to get the fluid out.

Nerves 1 (2 decks)

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