Nerves 1

Question 1

Sensory function

Answer 1

Receives incoming information (stimuli) from sensory receptors

Question 2

Integrative function

Answer 2

Interprets and processes information to determine appropriate response

Question 3

Effector function

Answer 3

Produces outgoing signals to initiate a response in muscles (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) or glands

Question 4

Two primary subdivisions of the Nervous System

Answer 4

CNS (Central Nervous system)
Brain and spinal cord

PNS (Peripheral Nervous system)
Neural tissue outside CNS

Question 5

Integrative in function (CNS)

Answer 5

Simple reflexes
Complex reflexes
Higher order functions:
Memory, learning, intelligence

Question 6

Peripheral Nerves of the PNS

Answer 6

Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves

Question 7

Peripheral Ganglia of the PNS

Answer 7

Sensory ganglia

Autonomic nervous system ganglia (sympathetic, parasympathetic)

Question 8

Afferent Pathways

Answer 8

sensory information coming into the brain

Question 9

Efferent Pathways

Answer 9

sensory information going out into effectors (skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles and glands)

Question 10

Nerve Cells (neurons)

Answer 10

Electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals

Question 11

Neuroglia (glial cells) Support cells

Answer 11

PNS: Satellite cells, Schwann cells
CNS: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

Question 12

Collection of nerve cell processes (fibers) for transmission of information

Answer 12

PNS – nerve

CNS – white matter, fiber tract, column,

Question 13

Collection of nerve cell bodies for processing of information

Answer 13

PNS – ganglia

CNS – grey matter, nucleus, cortex

Question 14

Posterior(dorsal) gray horns in the spinal cord contain what?

Answer 14

somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

Question 15

Anterior (ventral) gray horns deal with what?

Answer 15

somatic motor control

Question 16

Lateral gray horns contain what?

Answer 16

visceral (ANS) motor neurons

Question 17

Ascending tracts of the white matter of spinal cord

Answer 17

Relay information from the spinal cord to the brain

Question 18

Descending tracts of the white matter of spinal cord

Answer 18

Carry information from the brain to the spinal cord

Question 19

Dorsal (posterior) root of spinal nerve

Answer 19

Sensory (afferent)

Question 20

Ventral (anterior) root of spinal nerve

Answer 20

Motor (efferent)

Question 21

Dermatomes

Answer 21

Region of skin monitored by the sensory afferents of a single spinal segment

Question 22

Telencephalon

Answer 22

cerebrum or cerebral hemispheres

Question 23

Diencephalon

Answer 23

thalamus & hypothalamus

Question 24

Mesencephalon

Answer 24

midbrain

Question 25

Metencephalon

Answer 25

pons and cerebellum

Question 26

Myencephalon

Answer 26

Medulla oblongata

Question 27

Cortex of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 27

Highest level of processing

Question 28

Basal nuclei of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 28

Motor Control

Question 29

Thalamus

Answer 29

Processing sensory information

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

ANS & endocrine control

Question 31

Cortex of Cerebellum

Answer 31

Motor control

Question 32

Projection fibers

Answer 32

ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, brain stem, and brain

Question 33

Association fibers

Answer 33

connect between areas on the same side of the CNS

Question 34

Commissural fibers

Answer 34

connect between areas on opposite sides of the CNS

Question 35

Brain and spinal cord tissue

Answer 35

1. neurons and glial cells | 2. develop from the cells in the walls of of the developing hollow neural tube

Question 36

Ventricles of the brain and spinal canal of spinal cord

Answer 36

Develop from hollow center of developing neural tube

Question 37

Multiple support and protective systems

Answer 37

Skull, vertebrae, ligaments, muscles Meninges Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) Blood-brain barrier

Question 38

Meninges Connective tissue layers

Answer 38

Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater

Question 39

Meninges Functions

Answer 39

Provide physical stability & shock absorption Support blood vessels entering and exiting CNS tissue

Question 40

Anchor of the Spinal Cord; Base

Answer 40

to coccyx via filum terminale and coccygeal ligament

Question 41

Anchor of the Spinal Cord: Top

Answer 41

to periosteum of foramen magnum

Question 42

Anchor of the Spinal Cord: Laterally

Answer 42

denticulate ligaments

Question 43

Spinal Meninges provide cushioning how?

Answer 43

Epidural space with epidural fat separates dura mater from walls of vertebral canal Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF

Question 44

Cranial Meninges

Answer 44

Continuous with the three layers of the spinal cord Two layers of dura mater

Question 45

Folds of dura mater help stabilize the position of the brain

Answer 45

Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli, Falx cerebelli Contain sinuses that serve as veins

Question 46

Subarachnoid space filled with what?

Answer 46

CSF

Question 47

CSF produced where?

Answer 47

Ventricles: fluid diffuses out of capillaries of the choroid plexus into ventricles

Question 48

Entrance and Exit of CSF

Answer 48

Ventricles to Subarachnoid space of Spinal cord and brain Fluid circulates through subarachnoid space of spinal and cranial meninges Exits across arachnoid granulations into superior sagittal sinus (vein)

Question 49

CSF functions

Answer 49

Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products Provides cushioning and buoyancy

Question 50

Hydrocephalus

Answer 50

Blockage of CSF circulation which causes pressure in ventricles. Enlarging ventricles damage neural tissue

Question 51

Arachnoid Granulations

Answer 51

Form after you're born. As a baby, less likely to be impacted by the buildup of CSF. Once puberty, arachnoid granulations not developed enough to get the fluid out.