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3rd year content > Nerve tracts & lesions > Flashcards

Nerve tracts & lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Glove & stocking sensory loss?

A

Implies length dependent neuropathy

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2
Q

Dermatomal sensory loss?

A

Can point towards mono neuropathy, radicular or plexus lesion

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3
Q

Sensory level

A

Implies a spinal cord lesion

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4
Q

Hemianaesthesia

A

Suggests contralateral cerebral lesion, or with no other signs of a non- organic disorder

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5
Q

Dissociated sensory loss?

A

With lost spinothalamic (temp/ pain) but preserved dorsal column (vibration, light touch, proprioception) suggests hemicord damage

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6
Q

Hemicord damage?

A

Anterior spinal artery
Brown Sequard syndrome
Syringomyelia

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7
Q

Dysfunction of basal ganglia?

A

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL
Hyperkinetic MD
Hypokinetic

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8
Q

Hyperkinetic Movement disorders?

A 
Dystonia
Tics
Myoclonus
Chorea
Tremor
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9
Q

Hypokinetic ?

A

Rigidity & bradykinesia

Parkinsonism

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10
Q

Corticospinal/ pyramidal tract dysfunction

A

Pyramidal/ UMN features

  • Pyramidal weakness
  • Spasticity
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11
Q

Pyramidal weakness?

A

Weakness of upper limb extensors, lower limb flexors.

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12
Q

Cerebellar signs/ co-ordination?

A

Broad based and unsteady gait
Intention tremor/ ataxia
Dysdiadochokinesis
Nystagmus & dysarthria

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13
Q

Dysdiadochokinesis?

A

Clumsy fast alternating movements

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14
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms/ Parkinsonism?

A

Motor symptoms
Bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, impaired gait & posture
Hypomimia
Hypophonia
reduced arm swing, stooped posture, small steps
Impaired postural reflexes
Asymmetry in PD, symmetry in drug induced or atypical PD

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15
Q

Is spinothalamic tract ascending or descending?

A

Ascending

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16
Q

Function of anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

Sensory, crude (light) touch & pressure

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17
Q

Function of lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

Sensory, pain and temp

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18
Q

Is spinocerebellar tracts ascending or descending?

A

Ascending

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19
Q

Function of spinocerebellar tracts>

A

Carry unconscious proprioceptive information

Transmit info from muscles to cerebellum

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20
Q

How many pathways in spinocerebellar tracts?

A

4

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21
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

Carries proprioceptive information from lower limbs to ipsilateral cerebellum

22
Q

Dorsal column/ medial lemniscal pathway?

A

Ascending
Fine touch and conscious proprioception (particularly from the upper limb)
Fibers cross in medulla!!!

23
Q

Where do pyramidal tracts originate?

A

Cerebral cortex

24
Q

What are pyramidal tracts responsible for?

A

Carry motor fibres to spinal cord & brainstem

Voluntary control of musculature of body and face

25
Q

Extrapyramidal tracts origin?

A

Brian stem

26
Q

What are extrapyramidal tracts responsible for?

A

Carry motor fibres to spinal cord

Involuntary and automatic control of all musculaturee (tone, balance, posture, locomotion)

27
Q

Are there synapses within the descending pathways?

A

NO

28
Q

At the end of descending pathways, what do they synapse with?

A

A lower motor neurone

29
Q

What are neurones within descending motor system classed as?

A

Upper motor neurones

30
Q

Where are cell bodies and axons of descending neurones found?

A

Cell body - cerebral cortex or brainstem

Axons - remain in CNS

31
Q

Functions of pyramidal tracts?

A

Voluntary control of muscles of body and face

32
Q

What are the pyramidal tracts?

A

Corticospinal

Corticobulbar

33
Q

Corticospinal?

A

Supplies musculature of the body

34
Q

Corticobulbar?

A

Supplies musculature of head and neck

35
Q

Extrapyramidal tracts type and origin?

A

Descending

Brainstem

36
Q

What are extrapyramidal tracts responsible for?

A

Motor fibres to spinal cord

Involuntary and automatic control of musculature (tone, balance, posture, locomotion)

37
Q

How many extrapyramidal tracts?

A

4

38
Q

Name the 4 extrapyramidal tracts?

A

Vestibulospinal Tracts
Reticulospinal Tracts
Rubrospinal Tracts
Tectospinal Tracts

39
Q

Which extrapyramidal tracts desiccate and provide contralateral innervation?

A

Rubrospinal and tectospinal

40
Q

Which extrapyramidal tracts do not desiccate and provide ipsilateral innervation?

A

Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal

41
Q

Shoulder abduction?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

Deltoid
Axillary
C5

42
Q

Elbow extension?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

Triceps
Radial
C7

43
Q

Finger extension?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

Extensor digitorum
Posterior interosseous (branch of radial)
C7

44
Q

Index finger abduction?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

First dorsal interosseous
Ulnar
T1

45
Q

Knee flexion?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

Hamstrings
Sciatic
S1

46
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

Peroneal
Common perineal and sciatic
L4, L5

47
Q

Great toe dorsiflexion?

Muscle, nerve, root

A

Extensor hallucis longus
Common perineal
L5

48
Q

Root innervation/ deep tendon reflex of ankle?

A

S1, S2

49
Q

Root innervation/ deep tendon reflex of knee?

A

L3, L4

50
Q

Root innervation/ deep tendon reflex of biceps?

A

C5, C6

51
Q

Root innervation/ deep tendon reflex of triceps?

A

C7, C8

3rd year content (2 decks)

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