Nerve & Muscle

Question 1

Ionotropic receptor

Answer 1

faster - receptor and ion channel, neurotransmitter binds, channel opens.
e.g. Ach-nicotinic receptors(Na+channels), AMPA/NMDA receptors(glutamate), GABA receptors(mostly cl- channels).

Question 2

Metabotropic receptor

Answer 2

slower - neurotransmitter binds to receptor - activates intracellular signaling pathway.
e.g. dopamine receptors(dopamine), adrenergic receptors(noradrenaline), metabotropic glutamate receptors(glutamate), muscarinic receptors(acetylcholine).

Question 3

How can a muscle produce more force?

Answer 3

a. increase number of fibres within each motor unit
b. increase frequency of stimulation
c. recruitment of motor units
d. optimise sarcomere length/overlap
e. build more sarcomeres.