nerve impulses

Question 1

importnace of mainitaining a stable core body temp and blood ph

Answer 1

a) Stable core temp
- Enzymes work at an optimum temp
- Too low → not enough Ek → fewer successful collisions / enzyme-substrate complexes
- Too high → enzymes denature as H bonds in tertiary structure break → active site
changed shape and no longer complementary to substrate → fewer successful collisions /enzyme-substrate complexes

b) Stable blood pH
- Enzymes work at an optimum pH
- Too low / high → enzymes denature as ionic bonds in tertiary structure break → active
site to change shape so no longer complementary to substrate → fewer successful collisions and enzyme-substrate complexes

Question 2

importance of maintaning a stable blood glucose concentration

Answer 2

too low (hypoglyceamia)
-not enough glucose for resdpiration so lesss ATP produced
-active transport cant occur
too high(hyperglyceamia)
-blood has low water potential
-water lost from trissue to blood via osmosis
-kidneys cant absorb all glucose-more water lost in urine causing dehydration

Question 3

negative vs posotive feedback

Answer 3

• Negative feedback - Receptors detect levels too low
  / high à effectors respond to counteract change
• Restores levels to normal / original
• Example: regulation of body temperature
• Positive feedback - Amplifies change from normal
  level
• Advantage – rapidly activate something e.g. blood
  clot
• Not involved in homeostasis
• Homeostasis involves multiple negative feedback
  mechanisms - More control over changes in internal
  environment
• Controls departures in different directions from the
  original state / actively increase or decrease a level
  to normal
• Faster response

Question 4

negative vs posotive feedback

Answer 4

• Negative feedback - Receptors detect levels too low
  / high à effectors respond to counteract change
• Restores levels to normal / original
• Example: regulation of body temperature
• Positive feedback - Amplifies change from normal
  level
• Advantage – rapidly activate something e.g. blood
  clot
• Not involved in homeostasis
• Homeostasis involves multiple negative feedback
  mechanisms - More control over changes in internal
  environment
• Controls departures in different directions from the
  original state / actively increase or decrease a level
  to normal
• Faster response