Nerve Flashcards
Name the four lobes of the brain
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
What are the ridges and valleys of the brain called?
Ridges – Gyri, Valleys - Sulci
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain – Pons - Medulla
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Fine tuning motor functions
What are the four broad types of cells in the nervous system? (Named based on their appearance)
Unipolar, Pseudounipolar, Bipolar and Multipolar
What are the three types of multipolar cells?
Pyramidal, Golgi and Purkinje
What are the three main parts of a neurone?
Soma (cell body), axon (only one), dendrites (numerous)
What is the difference between axons and dendrites?
Axons are myelinated and dendrites are not
There is only one axon but there are many dendrites
What are astrocytes and what do they do?
Astrocytes are glial cells that have these functions:
Facultative macrophages (turn into macrophages when they need to)
Repair (provide nutrients for repair of neuronal cells)
Homeostasis (mop up neurotransmitter and other substances released by the CNS)
What do oligodendrocytes do?
They myelinate many axons in the CNS
What are some differences between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes are:
Smaller
Denser cytoplasm and nucleus
Absence of intermediate filaments and glycogen in the cytoplasm
What do microglial cells do?
They are the immune cells of the CNS
What do ependymal cells do?
They line the fluid filled ventricles in the CNS
What is the usual resting membrane potential?
Between -40 and -90mV
What are the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the four main ions involved in action potentials?
Na+ - inside: 10 outside: 140
K+ - inside: 150 outside: 4
Cl- - inside: 5 outside: 120
Ca2+ - inside: 0.1 outside: 2
