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🟑 Neuroscience 🟑 > Nerve 1 > Flashcards

Nerve 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system has 3 main functions ; what are they?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Memory & thinking
  3. Motor (muscle control)
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2
Q

The central nervous system is composed of what two structures ?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

A

Nerves and ganglia outside of CNS

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4
Q

The peripheral nervous system can be divided into 2; what are these divisions ?

A

Somatic nervous system (skeletal muscle)
Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

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5
Q

Role of the brain and spinal cord in the CNS ?

A

Brain: sensation, motor control, thoughts, memory, emotions

Spinal cord: pathways to/from brain coordinates subconscious activities. Ex: stretch reflex, walking

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6
Q

Peripheral nervous system involves nerves running to/from ____________ and _____________

A

Muscles
Organs

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7
Q

Afferent vs Efferent

A

Afferent ( SENSOٍRY) : to spinal cord & brain

Efferent (MOTOR) : from brain to muscles/organs

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8
Q

Cranial nerves VS spinal nerves

A

Cranial nerves emerge from brain ( brainstem) to head region

Spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord to body

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9
Q

The brain is divided into six major parts. What are they?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Thalamus and hypothalamus.
  3. Cerebellum.
  4. Midbrain.
  5. Pons
  6. Medulla oblongata
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10
Q

Telencephalon is another name for………?

A

Cerebrum

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11
Q

Mesencephalon is another name for………?

A

Midbrain

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12
Q

Thalamus and hypothalamus are parts of which brain portion

A

Diencephalon

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13
Q

The cerebrum is divided into two…………………?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

The two cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other through which structures?

A

Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure

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15
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

(There are also Insula and Limbic lobes)

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16
Q

The cerebrum is divided into a left and right hemisphere by what?

A

Longitudinal fissure

17
Q

What fissure/sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the Temporal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)

18
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

19
Q

What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

20
Q

Functional areas of cerebral cortex :

Where are the motor areas?

A

In frontal lobe

21
Q

Motor cortex

  • where is it?
  • what is it responsible for?
A

Anterior to central sulcus

Control specific movements (finger)

22
Q

Premotor cortex

  • where is it?
  • what is it responsible for?
A

Anterior to motor cortex

Sequence of movement (learned skills)

23
Q

Prefrontal area

  • where is it?
  • what is its role?
A

Anterior half of frontal lobe

Thought processes and planning οΏΌ

24
Q

True or false

The prefrontal area is the highest center

A

True

25
Q

Where is the somesthetic (somatic sensory) areas

A

Entire parietal lobe

26
Q

Somesthetic (somatic sensory) areas are responsible for?

A

Sensations from the body touch, position, temperature, and pain

This is done through:
- primary sensory signals
- secondary sensory signals

27
Q

Primary sensory signals VS secondary sensory signals

A

-Primary sensory signals: signals from receptors
Ex: feeling a touch on your skin

-Secondary sensory signals : meaning of signals
Ex: feeling insect crawling on your skin

28
Q

Where are the visual areas

A

Entire occipital lobe

29
Q

Primary visuals areas vs secondary visual areas

A

Primary : light, dark, lines

Secondary: meaning

30
Q

Where are the auditory areas

Primary auditory vs secondary auditory

A

Temporal lobe

  • primary : tones, loudness
  • secondary: meaning
31
Q

Label the functional areas of cerebral cortex οΏΌ

A
32
Q

Cells of the nervous system

A

Neurons

Glial cells

33
Q

List some glial cells

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Ependymal cells

34
Q

Functions of glial cells

A
  • Play a major role in the blood brain barrier, BBB
  • Control extracellular environment of neurons (recycle neurotransmitters and chemicals)
35
Q

Which glial cells are responsible for myelination

A

Oligodendrocytes ( CNS )

Schwann cells ( PNS )

36
Q

Describe the myelination with Oligodendrocytes VS Schwann cells

A

ONE oligodendrocyte myelinates MANY axons

SEVERAL Schwann cells myelinate ONE axon

37
Q

Role of Microglia

A

Immune competent cells in the CNS that are activated during CNS inflammation

38
Q

Describe the structure and function of a neuron

A

Cell body: nourishment

Dendrites : receive signals

Axon : nerve, fiber, sends signals

Synapses: axon contac ending contacts dendrite, soma, or axon

🟑 Neuroscience 🟑 (3 decks)

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