Nerve 1 Flashcards
The nervous system has 3 main functions ; what are they?
- Sensory
- Memory & thinking
- Motor (muscle control)
The central nervous system is composed of what two structures ?
Brain
Spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
Nerves and ganglia outside of CNS
The peripheral nervous system can be divided into 2; what are these divisions ?
Somatic nervous system (skeletal muscle)
Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
Role of the brain and spinal cord in the CNS ?
Brain: sensation, motor control, thoughts, memory, emotions
Spinal cord: pathways to/from brain coordinates subconscious activities. Ex: stretch reflex, walking
Peripheral nervous system involves nerves running to/from ____________ and _____________
Muscles
Organs
Afferent vs Efferent
Afferent ( SENSOΩRY) : to spinal cord & brain
Efferent (MOTOR) : from brain to muscles/organs
Cranial nerves VS spinal nerves
Cranial nerves emerge from brain ( brainstem) to head region
Spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord to body
The brain is divided into six major parts. What are they?
- Cerebrum
- Thalamus and hypothalamus.
- Cerebellum.
- Midbrain.
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
Telencephalon is another name forβ¦β¦β¦?
Cerebrum
Mesencephalon is another name forβ¦β¦β¦?
Midbrain
Thalamus and hypothalamus are parts of which brain portion
Diencephalon
The cerebrum is divided into twoβ¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦β¦?
Cerebral hemispheres
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other through which structures?
Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
What are the lobes of the brain?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
(There are also Insula and Limbic lobes)
The cerebrum is divided into a left and right hemisphere by what?
Longitudinal fissure
What fissure/sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the Temporal lobe?
Lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Functional areas of cerebral cortex :
Where are the motor areas?
In frontal lobe
Motor cortex
- where is it?
- what is it responsible for?
Anterior to central sulcus
Control specific movements (finger)
Premotor cortex
- where is it?
- what is it responsible for?
Anterior to motor cortex
Sequence of movement (learned skills)
Prefrontal area
- where is it?
- what is its role?
Anterior half of frontal lobe
Thought processes and planning οΏΌ
True or false
The prefrontal area is the highest center
True
Where is the somesthetic (somatic sensory) areas
Entire parietal lobe
Somesthetic (somatic sensory) areas are responsible for?
Sensations from the body touch, position, temperature, and pain
This is done through:
- primary sensory signals
- secondary sensory signals
Primary sensory signals VS secondary sensory signals
-Primary sensory signals: signals from receptors
Ex: feeling a touch on your skin
-Secondary sensory signals : meaning of signals
Ex: feeling insect crawling on your skin
Where are the visual areas
Entire occipital lobe
Primary visuals areas vs secondary visual areas
Primary : light, dark, lines
Secondary: meaning
Where are the auditory areas
Primary auditory vs secondary auditory
Temporal lobe
- primary : tones, loudness
- secondary: meaning
Label the functional areas of cerebral cortex οΏΌ
Cells of the nervous system
Neurons
Glial cells
List some glial cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Ependymal cells
Functions of glial cells
- Play a major role in the blood brain barrier, BBB
- Control extracellular environment of neurons (recycle neurotransmitters and chemicals)
Which glial cells are responsible for myelination
Oligodendrocytes ( CNS )
Schwann cells ( PNS )
Describe the myelination with Oligodendrocytes VS Schwann cells
ONE oligodendrocyte myelinates MANY axons
SEVERAL Schwann cells myelinate ONE axon
Role of Microglia
Immune competent cells in the CNS that are activated during CNS inflammation
Describe the structure and function of a neuron
Cell body: nourishment
Dendrites : receive signals
Axon : nerve, fiber, sends signals
Synapses: axon contac ending contacts dendrite, soma, or axon
