Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GK - Foundations II Exam 5 > Nephrotic Syndrome, PIG, IgA, HSP, Pauci, ABGM > Flashcards

Nephrotic Syndrome, PIG, IgA, HSP, Pauci, ABGM Flashcards

1
Q

Define Segmental

A

A portion of a glomerulus is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Global

A

All of a glomerulus is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Focal

A

Some of the glomeruli are involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Diffuse

A

All or almost all of the glomeruli are involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Cells of the renal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the four things does the kidney control?

A
  • H20
  • RBC production
  • acidity
  • BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The kidney filters ______ and passes the _______ to the bladder for _______ as urine.

A

blood, waste, excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the average urine physiologic excretion in adults?

A

80mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathologic proteinuria is equal to _____mg or greater over 24 hrs.

A

150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ is the smallest plasma protein.

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • comprises 20-40% of physiologic proteinuria (16-32mg/day)
  • Filtered more than other plasma proteins

What is this?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: microalbuminuria occurs before clinical proteinuria becomes evident and can therefore be used as an early diagnostic tool for early intervention in diabetic patients.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Microalbuminuria is defined as excretion of _____ to ______mg/day of albumin

A

30-300mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Daily excretion of more than 3.5g of protein is called what?

A

nephrotic range proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common cause of proteinuria?

A

glomerular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pathophys of Glomerular disease?

A

alteration of glomerular permeability –> injury to podocytes (renal cells), basement membrane, capillary endothelium or the mesangium.

Initially there is excess albumin w/eventual progression to larger proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 3 causes of proteinuria?

A
  1. Glomerular Disease MC
  2. Overflow proteinuria
  3. Tubular Proteinuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is this?

overproduction of smaller proteins overwhelming the reabsorptive ability of proximal tubule.

A

Overflow proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is this?

Tubulointerstitial dz leads to diminshed reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubule.

A

Tubular proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glomerular Disease is classified into 2 classes. What are these two classes?

A

NephrITIC vs. NephrOTIC

Primary vs Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Regardless of the classification, both types of Glomerular Dz cause what 3 things?

A
  • glomerular damage
  • hypoalbuminemia (low albumin in the blood since you have proteinuria)
  • Biopsy = gold standard = definitive diagnosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What dz?

inflammatory process w/associated immunologic response that leads to renal glomeruli damage.

*allows blood cell passage*

A

NephrITIC** syndrome**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
**Overall Clinical Px** of Nephr**_ITIC_** syndrome
**"PHAROH"** **P—Proteinuria (\<3.5g/day)** **H—Hematuria** (**coca-cola urine****)** **A—Azotemia** (inc. creatinine & uria) **R—RBC casts** **O—Oliguria** **H–HTN (**secondary to urine retention= **edema** is distal extremities **LE\>UE)**
26
**Facial Clinical Px** of Nephr**_ITIC_** syndrome
Periorbital edema Puffy, pale face Swollen lips
27
What do RBC casts in the urine signify?
severe inflammation
28
Describe the nephritic spectrum.
Asymptomatic Glomerular Hematuria --\> Nephritic Syndrome --\> Rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis --\> chronic glomerular disease
29
What dz is this? * **glomerular capillary wall, glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and Bowman's capsule** are severely injured * **most severe** & **clinically urgent** end of the nephritic syndrome * **progression to renal failure in weeks-months, resulting in _kidney transplants or dialysis_**
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (**RPGN)**
30
What are the 5 types of **_PRIMARY_** Nephritic Syndromes?
1. **Post-Inf** Glomerulonephritis 2. **IgA** nephropathy 3. **Henoch-Schonlein Purpura** 4. **Pauci-**immune glomerulonephritis (**ANCA** associated) 5. Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis **(Goodpasture Syndrome)** ## Footnote **PIPHA**
31
**Pathophys** of what dz? **Group-A Beta Hemolytic strept** Immune mediated injury: **circulating immune complexes with strept antigen deposit.**
Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis
32
**Clinical Px** of Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis
* occurs **1-3** **wks** after **GABHS infection** like **pharyngitis or impetigo** * **Oliguria** * **Edema** * +/- HTN
33
RriresblDx of Post-infectious GN
**Coca cola urine** **UA: RBCs, red cell casts, proteinuria** **ASO** (antistreptolysin) titers high _**\*\* unless immune response blunted by ABX tx\*\***_
34
Tx of post-inf GN
**_supportive:_** - anti-hypertensives (**ACE-I, ARBs**) - restrict **salt** - diuretics **(loop/furosemide/thiazide)**
35
Do steroids help with post-inf GN?
NO
36
What is the **main tx** for post-inf GN?
treat the **_underlying infection_**!!
37
What is the prognosis of post-inf GN in children?
GOOD
38
lWhat is the prognosis of Post-inf GN in adults?
**less favorable:** more prone to develop **CKD** or **RPGN**
39
Also known as **Berger's disease**....
IgA nephropathy "I, GArima like burgers"
40
**Pathophys** of which dz? **IgA deposition** in the **glomerular magnesium** same lesion is seen in **Henoch-Schonlein Purpura**
IgA Nephropathy
41
IgA nephropathy is most common in \_\_\_\_\_**(gender)** and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_**(population)**
Male children & young adults "**I, gA**rima am not a **male** but I do love **children & young adults**" sorry, i know it was super corny lol
42
**Clinical Px** of IgA Nephropathy
- follows a **URI or GI infection** **- coca-cola urine 1-3 _days_** after infection (unlike **1-3 weeks** like in **post-inf GN**)
43
**PDx** of IgA Neuropathy
**Labs:** - Hematuria - Proteinuria **Serum:** Inc. IgA levels, complement levels normal
44
What is the **prognosis** of IgA Nephropathy?
**1/3** of pts = **spontaneous clinical remission** **20-40%** = CKD Most imp: **\*Remaining\*** = **_chronic microscopic hematuria, stable serum creatinine._**
45
What is the **most unfavorable prognostic indicator** of IgA Nephropathy?
**Proteinuria** **\> 1g/d**
46
When are **corticosteroids** helpful in **IgA Nephropathy**?
**proteinuria 1-3.5 g/d**
47
**Tx** of IgA Nephropathy
**ACE-I or ARB** if **severe proteinuria**
48
What is the **target BP** of IgA Nephropathy?
\<130/80
49
**Pathophys** of what dz? systemic small-vessel vasculitis w/**IgA deposition** in **vessel walls** - associated with an inciting infection: **group A strept**
**Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)**
50
**Clinical Px** of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
- palpable **purpura** in buttocks & LE - **arthralgias** & **abd sx** (nausea, colic, melena) **melena** = dark starry stool w or w/o blood. - **dec. GFR** (if inc, damage = nephr**_OTIC_** px) **"PAAG"**
51
**Tx** of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
**_no definitive tx_** case studies: **plasmaphoresis** (plasma exchange) & **DMARD** (dz modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
52
**Pathophys** of which dz? * seen with small vessel vasculitis * **granulomatosis** _w/polyangiitis_ ***(Wegener's granulomatosis)*** * **eosinophillic granulomatosis** _w/polyangiitis_ ***(Churg-Strauss syndrome)*** * microscopic polyangiitis
**Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (ANCA associated)**
53
**Clinical Px** of Pauci-immune GN (ANCA associated)
look like a _systemic inflammatory_ dz - **fever, malaise, weight loss** - **purpura** - if pt has **_granu w/poly,_** they will have **resp tract sx** with **bleeding nodular lesions**
54
**Dx** for Pauci Immune GN (ANCA associated)
* **ANCA ++** (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) * **UA:** heamturia &proteinuria
55
**Tx** for Pauci-Immune GN (ANCA associated)
- high dose **corticosteroids** **- DMARDS**
56
What is the **prognosis** of Pauci-immune GN (ANCA Associated)
**w/tx** = 75% complete remission **w/o tx**= poor prognosis
57
**Pathophys** of which dz? **Glomerulonephritis + pulm hemorrhage** **basement membrane injured** from anti-GBM antibodies
**Goodpasture syndrome** AKA anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis
58
**T/F:** 1/3rd of pts with anti-GBM glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture syndrome) have no lung injury.
TRUE
59
When is the **peak incidence** of Goodpasture syndrome (Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis)
20-30 60-70
60
**Clinical Px** of Goodpasture syndrome (Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis)
- preceded by **URI** - **Hemoptysis, dyspnea** - **RPGN**
61
**Dx** of Goodpasture syndrome (Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis)
**sputum:** _hemosiderin-laden macrophages_ **anti-GBM antibodies** **CXR:** pulm infiltrates
62
**Tx** of Goodpasture syndrome (Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis)?
Plasmapheresis corticosteroids DMARDs
63

GK - Foundations II Exam 5 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions