Nephrons

Question 1

Filtration

Answer 1

-performed by glomerulus

Question 2

What determines Glomerular Filtration rate?

Answer 2

-balance of water (osmotic pressure)
-balance of proteins like albumin that keep water in capillaries (oncotic pressure)
-blood pressure

Question 3

What is separated from fenestrae (pores) in glomerulus

Answer 3

ammonia, urea, and other wastes

Question 4

What does not go to the kidneys

Answer 4

glucose and proteins unless someone has diabetes or kidney disease

Question 5

Reabsorption- What does the Proximal Convoluted Tubule do

Answer 5

-uses active transport to pump sodium ions into the tissue next to the capillary
-causes sodium to diffuse into capillary because of high to low concentration
-water, chlorine, and electrolytes follow!

Question 6

Loop of Henle

Answer 6

continues to pull water intended of filtrate into the capillary

Question 7

Secretion- Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 7

-secrete ADH when kidney is trying to increase fluid volume to raise BP and improve filtration
-water is reabsorbed to go back to capillary = increase BP
-secrete H+ to adjust pH

Question 8

Collecting duct

Answer 8

once done in DCT it goes to collecting duct on the way to renal pelvis and ureters
-all filtrate eventually collects here

Question 9

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer 9

-kidneys produce hormone renin
-renin triggers transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
-angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which raises BP
-angiotensin II triggers release of aldosterone in adrenal cortex
-nephrons then absorb more salt and water to increase fluid volume = increased BP