Nephron

Question 1

What is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

True or False: Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the primary function of the nephron?

Answer 3

To filter blood and produce urine

Question 4

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the initial filtration of blood?

Answer 4

Glomerulus

Question 5

What is the name of the tube that leads away from the glomerulus and carries the filtered fluid?

Answer 5

Renal tubule

Question 6

What is the final product of the nephron’s filtration process?

Answer 6

Urine

Question 7

Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing important substances back into the blood?

Answer 7

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

Which part of the nephron is responsible for concentrating the urine by reabsorbing water?

Answer 8

Loop of Henle

Question 9

True or False: The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for fine-tuning the composition of urine.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the final part of the nephron that empties urine into the collecting duct?

Answer 10

Collecting duct

Question 11

What hormone regulates the reabsorption of water in the nephron?

Answer 11

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Which part of the nephron is responsible for secretion of waste products into the urine?

Answer 12

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

What is the term for the process by which substances are moved from the blood into the nephron filtrate?

Answer 13

Filtration

Question 14

What is the term for the process by which substances are moved from the nephron filtrate back into the blood?

Answer 14

Reabsorption

Question 15

What is the term for the process by which substances are moved from the blood into the nephron tubule for elimination?

Answer 15

Secretion

Question 16

What is the name for the network of capillaries surrounding the renal tubule in the nephron?

Answer 16

Peritubular capillaries

Question 17

Which part of the nephron plays a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body?

Answer 17

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

What is the term for the movement of water and solutes from the nephron filtrate back into the blood?

Answer 18

Reabsorption

Question 19

What is the term for the process by which substances are actively transported from the blood into the nephron tubule?

Answer 19

Secretion

Question 20

What is the term for the volume of blood that the kidneys filter per unit of time?

Answer 20

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 21

What is the term for the fluid that is produced by the nephron filtration process before being modified into urine?

Answer 21

Filtrate

Question 22

What is the term for the specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule that regulate blood pressure and fluid balance?

Answer 22

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 23

Which hormone stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin, thus regulating blood pressure?

Answer 23

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 24

What is the term for the process by which substances are moved from the blood into the nephron filtrate by passive diffusion?

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

What is the term for the process by which substances are moved from the nephron filtrate back into the blood by active transport?

Answer 25

Reabsorption

Question 26

What is the term for the process by which substances are moved from the blood into the nephron tubule for elimination by both passive and active mechanisms?

Answer 26

Secretion

Question 27

What is the term for the network of capillaries surrounding the loop of Henle in the nephron?

Answer 27

Vasa recta

Question 28

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of bicarbonate and regulation of blood pH?

Answer 28

Proximal convoluted tubule