Nephrology

Question 1

What are the features of Nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 1

Gross edema
Albuminuria
Hypoalbuminemia
High cholesterol

Question 2

What are the features of Nephritic syndrome

Answer 2

Some edema
Subnephrotic proteinuria
Oliguria
Hematuria
Hypertension

Question 3

MCD

Answer 3

No gross hematuria but can have microscopic
No persistent hypertension
No extra renal features
Complement is normal

Question 4

Non MCD

Answer 4

Gross hematuria
Persistent hypertension
Low Complemetn
Deranged renal function
Has extra renal features

Question 5

When to do renal Bx

Answer 5

If non MCD clinically

Question 6

What is SS NS? (MCD)

Answer 6

High dose prednisolone 28 days remission

Question 7

What is SD NS? (FSGS)

Answer 7

Relapse within 14 days of stopping Rx

Question 8

What is FR NS?

Answer 8

Twice within 8 months after 1st episode

4 times within a year

Question 9

How is nephrotic syndrome Mx?

Answer 9

IpOp chart
Daily weight chart
Urine protein chart
BP, PR, RR tds chart
Fever chart
Avoid dehydration, check for infections, abdominal pain

Question 10

What are the causes of abdominal pain in NS?

Answer 10

SBP (BCx, Abx)
Gastritis
Hypovolemia
Renal vein thrombosis
Gut edema

Question 11

How to manage nephritic syndrome

Answer 11

Same charts
Monitor urine colour, features of heart failure
Rx - PO Furosemide and Nifedipine, PO penicillin

Question 12

What are the features of UTI

Answer 12

UFR with pus cells with Irritative LUTS and UCx

Upper UTI high fever and CRP, lower UTI low fever low CRP

Question 13

What are the risk factors for recurrence UTI

Answer 13

PUV
VUR
Constipation
Labial adhesions, tight foreskin