Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm III - Exam 1 > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug classes work on the glomerulus as their site of action?

A

None!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which drug classes work on the proximal tubules?

A
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)

- Adenosine antagonist (current investigation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) MOA

A
  • Inhibits enzyme responsible for dehydration of H2CO3

- Reduces aqueous humor production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CAI examples

A

Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide (ophthalmic)
Brinzolamide (ophthalmic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for CAIs

A
  • Glaucoma
  • Urinary acidosis
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Acute mountain sickness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ADRs of CAIs

A
  • Renal stones
  • K wasting
  • Drowsiness
  • Hypersensitivity reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contraindication of CAIs

A

Hepatic cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PK of CAIs

A
  • Absorbs well
  • Increases urine pH
  • Onset w/in 30 mins
  • Duration 12 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which drug classes work on Loop of Henle?

A

Loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Loop diuretic MOA

A

Inhibits Na/K/Cl transporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indications for loop diuretics

A
  • Edema
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Anion overdose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ADRs of loop diuretics

A
  • Low Mg
  • High uric acid
  • Ototoxicity
  • Allergic reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contraindications of loop diuretics

A
  • Careful in hepatic cirrhosis, renal/heart failure

- Sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drug-drug interactions of loop diuretics

A

NSAIDs can decrease effectiveness of loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PO to IV conversion of furosemide

A

2:1

40 mg PO = 20 mg IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PO to IV conversion of torsemide and bumetanide

A

1:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which drug classes work on distal convoluted tubule?

A

Thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thiazide MOA

A
  • Inhibits NaCl transporter

- Enhances Ca reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Indications for thiazides

A
  • HTN
  • Heart failure
  • Nephrogenic DI
  • Nephrolithiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PK of thiazides

A
  • Absorbed slowly

- Chlorthalidone slowest but longer duration of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What agent is the slowest absorbed but longest lasting thiazide?

A

Chlorthalidone

22
Q

ADRs of thiazides

A
  • Low Na, K
  • High uric acid, lipids
  • Allergic rxn
  • Photosensitivity
23
Q

Thiazides should be used with caution in which conditions?

A
  • Hepatic cirrhosis
  • Renal failure
  • Heart failure
24
Q

Which thiazide is effective with GFR less than 20 ml/min?

A

Metolazone

25
Q

Which thiazide comes in IV formulation?

A

Chlorothiazide

26
Q

Which drug classes work on the cortical collecting tubule?

A

K sparing diuretics

Adenosine antagonists

27
Q

Indications for K sparing diuretics

A

Hypokalemia (prevention/tx)

28
Q

Indications for spironolactone

A
  • Hyperaldosterism
  • Polycystic ovary disease
  • Hirsutism
29
Q

ADRs of K sparing diuretics

A
  • High K
  • Kidney stones (triamterene)
  • Gynecomastia, impotence (spironolactone)
30
Q

When is spironolactone contraindicated?

A

Addison’s disease

31
Q

Drug-drug interactions of K sparing diuretics

A
  • Eplerenone only

- Strong CYP3A4 agents

32
Q

Which drug classes act on the medullary collecting duct?

A

Vassopressin (ADH) antagonists

33
Q

Indications of ADH antagonists

A
  • Congestive heart failure

- SIADH

34
Q

ADH antagonist agents (indirect)

A

Lithium
Demeclocycline
(MOA unknown)

35
Q

ADH antagonist agents (direct)

A

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan
(MOA: inhibits vasopressin receptors)

36
Q

ADRs of direct ADH antagonists

A
  • Nausea
  • Dry mouth
  • Thirst
37
Q

CI of direct ADH antagonists

A
  • Hypovolemia

- Hyponatremia

38
Q

Drug-drug interactions of direct ADH antagonists

A

Strong CYP3A4 agents

39
Q

Osmotic diuretics MOA

A
  • Increase osmotic pressure in glomerulus

- Decreases reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes

40
Q

Indications for osmotic diuretics

A
  • Cerebral edema
  • Acute glaucoma
  • Bronchial hyper-responsiveness
41
Q

Osmotic diuretic agents

A
  • Glycerol

- Mannitol (PO, inhaled, IV)

42
Q

PK of osmotic diuretics

A
  • Poorly absorbed

- Quickly excreted

43
Q

ADRs of glycerol

A

N/V, diarrhea

44
Q

ADRs of mannitol

A

Excessive volume expansion (heart failure, edema, pulm congestion)

45
Q

How are osmotic agents better tolerated?

A
  • Oral
  • Mixed w/small amount of juice
  • Add ice
  • Small sips
46
Q

How is CrCl calculated?

A

Cockroft-Gault (MC)

47
Q

Which meds can cause vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole?

A

NSAIDs
Cyclosporine
Tacrolimus
Amphotericin B

48
Q

Which meds can cause vasodilation of efferent arteriole?

A

ACEI/ARBs

Dilt and verapamil

49
Q

Which meds cause direct toxicity to renal tubules?

A

Aminoglycosides
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin and carboplatin
Radiocontrast agents

50
Q

What drug has been proven to accelerate the recovery of renal failure?

A

None!

Pharm III - Exam 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions