Nephrology Flashcards
Section 1 - Acid-base disturbances
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define Acidemia
pH < 7.36
define Alkalemia
pH > 7.44
define Acidosis
process that increases [H+]
define Alkalosis
process that decreases [H+]
define Respiratory compensation
Hyper or Hypo-ventilation that alters PaCO2 to counteract the 1* metabolic process
Minutes
define Renal compensation
excretion or retention of H+/HCO3- to counteract 1* respiratory process
Hours to days
Does compensation ever fully correct the pH?
never
if pH is normal, then what acid/base disturbance should you consider?
Mixed disorder
If patient is Acidemic with pH < 7.20, what cardiovascular complications can one expect?
decrease contractility arteriolar vasodilation decreased MAP and CO decrease response to catecholamines increase risk for arrhythmias
If patient is Acidemic with pH < 7.20, what respiratory complications can one expect?
Hyperventilation
decreased resp muscle strength
If patient is Acidemic with pH < 7.20, what metabolic complications can one expect?
increased K+
Insulin Resistance
If patient is Acidemic with pH < 7.20, what neurologic complications can one expect?
change in mentation
If patient is Alkalemic with pH > 7.60, what cardiovascular complications can one expect?
Arteriolar vasoconstriction
decreased Coronary Q
increase risk of arrhythmias
If patient is Alkalemic with pH > 7.60, what respiratory complications can one expect?
Hypoventilation
