Nephrology

Question 0

Causes of hematuria (kidney) (8)

Answer 0

Infection (pyelonephritis, TB, parasites)**
Nephrolithiasis**
Malignancy (ex. Renal cell carcinoma)
Trauma
Glomerular disease (vasculitis, idiopathic)
Cysts
Allergic interstitial nephritis => drug related
Ischemia (embolism, thrombosis, papillary necrosis)

Question 1

Causes of hematuria (6 broad categories)

Answer 1

Kidney
Ureters
Bladder 
Prostate/male reproductive tract
Urethra
Systemic illness

Question 2

Causes of hematuria (ureters) (3)

Answer 2

Nephrolithiasis
Tumor
Endometriosis

Question 3

Causes of hematuria (bladder) (7)

Answer 3

Calculus**
Infection (bacterial cystitis, parasites)
Interstitial cystitis
Tumor
Vascular malformations (hemangiomas, telangectasias)
Endometriosis
Drugs (cyclophosphamide => hemorrhagic cystitis)

Question 4

Causes of hematuria (prostate/male repro) (3)

Answer 4

Infection (prostatitis, epididymitis)
BPH
Tumor

Question 5

Causes of hematuria (urethra) (4)

Answer 5

Urethritis (gonococcal vs. non-gonococcal)
Stricture
Calculus
Trauma

Question 6

Systemic illness etc. leading to hematuria (4)

Answer 6

Intense exercise
Coagulopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Hemoglobinopathy