Nephrology

Question 1

Which diuretic is used to prevent calcium stone formation?

Answer 1

Thiazide

Question 2

Positive cyanide nitroprusside test. Diagnosis?

Answer 2

Cystine stone. AR disease

Question 3

COFFIN LIKE SHAPE stone.

Answer 3

Struvite stone. Staghorn calculi

Question 4

Acetazolamide can cause which type of stones?

Answer 4

CaPO. As CAI causes RTA type I

Question 5

Rhomboid shape stone

Answer 5

Uric acid stone

Question 6

Three differences between SIADH and CSW

Answer 6

1) Dehydration
2) Low uric acid in SIADH
3) High BUN Cr Ratio in CSW due to dehydration

Question 7

Mention differences between IgA nephropathy and PIGN

Answer 7

In IgA
1) Starts 5 days after URTI
2) Normal complement

In PIGN:
1) Starts 2-3 weeks after infection
2) Low complement

Question 8

Causes of low complement GN

Answer 8

1) Post infectious
2) Lupus nephritis
3) Cryglobenemia
4) Memranoproliferative
5) Athero-embolic disease

Question 9

SIADH Diagnostic criteria

Answer 9

..

Question 10

GN caused by Ab directed against type IV collagen

Answer 10

Alport syndrome.
X-linked

Question 13

Abdominal pain with intusseption. Rash in the back and lower limb + Arthalgia

Answer 13

HSP.

Question 14

PTH level in FHH

Answer 14

Normal To high
Normally:
- Ca absorption in the kidney.
- Supression of Ca S receptor&raquo_space; Supression of PTH
In FHH:
- Mutation in CaS
- The kidney will absorb more calcium to suppress CaS therefore supressing PTH
Result:
- Normal to High PTH + Low calcium in the urine.
- Urine Cr to calcium ration < 0.01 compared to > 0.02 in primary hyperparthyroidism.

Question 16

I am one of the RTA. One of my special features is causing alkali urine, urinary stones. With low to normal K
Type? Location?

Answer 16

Type I location DCT