Nephrology

Question 1

How to diagnose anatomic abnormalities/obstruction of the kidney?

Answer 1

US

Question 2

What is the strongest stimulant for ADH release?

Answer 2

Volume contraction

Question 3

Main location where bicarb is re-absorbed?

Answer 3

Proximal convoluted tubules

Question 4

How would acetazolamide affect pH?

Answer 4

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 5

How would acetazolamide affect pH?

Answer 5

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 6

Acetazolamide is best in treating

Answer 6

Compartmentalized fluid retention
Glaucoma and ICP

Question 7

How to treat hypercalcemia

Answer 7

Loop diuretics and normal saline

Question 8

How to treat persistent hypercalcemia

Answer 8

Calcitonin and bisphosphate

Question 9

Side effect of high dose Furesumide

Answer 9

Ototoxicity

Question 10

Effect of loop diuretics on calcium

Answer 10

Increase excretion

Question 11

Effect of thiazide on calcium

Answer 11

Reduces calcium excretion

Question 12

How does Na gets affected For each 100 increment increase in glucose over 100

Answer 12

Decreases by 1.6

Question 13

How does Na gets affected For each 100 increment increase in glucose over 100

Answer 13

Decreases by 1.6

Question 14

Which RTA has hyperkalemia

Answer 14

Type 4

Question 15

Which RTA has the highest urine pH

Answer 15

Type 1

Question 16

Which RTA is associated with Fanconi syndrome

Answer 16

Type 2

Question 17

Which RTA is associated with Amphotericin B

Answer 17

Type 1

Question 18

Which RTA is associated with interstitial nephritis

Answer 18

Type 4

Question 19

Which RTA is associated with obstructive uropathy?

Answer 19

Type 4

Question 20

Hematuria
Hearing loss
Ocular problems
Dx?

Answer 20

Alport

Question 21

Denys drash syndrome

Answer 21

Infant onset nephrotic syndrome
XY dysgenesis
Wilms tumor

Question 22

Which kidney diseases has low C3?

Answer 22

MPGN, SLE, PIGN

Question 23

When does C3 return to normal in PIGN?

Answer 23

12 weeks

Question 24

Types of MPGN?

Answer 24

Immune complex MPGN
Complement MPGN

Question 25

What does biopsy of MPGN show

Answer 25

Thickening of GBM and hypercellularity

Question 26

Obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, hypogenetic ism, polydactyly, cystic dysplasia of the kidney
Dx?

Answer 26

Bardet Biedl syndrome

Question 27

Went to use glucocorticoid in AIN

Answer 27

If symptoms don’t improve a week after DC the drug

However, in NSAID, do not give steroid

Question 28

Fever, rash, and eosinophilia
U/A WBC and WBC casts

Answer 28

AIN

Question 29

Drugs associated with acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 29

B lactam
Penicillin derivatives
Rifampin
Tmp/sulfa
Fluoroquinolone

Question 30

How is NSAID induced AIN different from other drugs

Answer 30

1- Duration: months before symptoms
2- Rash fever and eosinophilia might not occur
3- nephrotic range proteinuria

Question 31

Multi cystic dysplastic kidney is usually (Uni/Bilatera)

Answer 31

Unilateral

Question 32

Persistent asymptomatic hematuria causes:

Answer 32

IgA nephropathy
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Early alport
Thun basement membrane

Question 33

Kidney Biopsy indications

Answer 33

-persistent microscopic hematuria (FHx alport or ESKD)
-Hematuria with diminished kidney function or proteinuria
-recurrent episodes of gross hematuria
-Glomerulonephritis not responding to treatment
-Glomerulonephritis with persistently reduced C3
-Glomerulonephritis w/ SLE

Question 34

Casts are present in (glomerular/extra glomerular) hematuria

Answer 34

Glomerular

Question 35

Clots are present in (glomerular/extra glomerular) hematuria

Answer 35

extra glomerular