Nephrology Flashcards
How to diagnose anatomic abnormalities/obstruction of the kidney?
US
What is the strongest stimulant for ADH release?
Volume contraction
Main location where bicarb is re-absorbed?
Proximal convoluted tubules
How would acetazolamide affect pH?
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
How would acetazolamide affect pH?
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Acetazolamide is best in treating
Compartmentalized fluid retention
Glaucoma and ICP
How to treat hypercalcemia
Loop diuretics and normal saline
How to treat persistent hypercalcemia
Calcitonin and bisphosphate
Side effect of high dose Furesumide
Ototoxicity
Effect of loop diuretics on calcium
Increase excretion
Effect of thiazide on calcium
Reduces calcium excretion
How does Na gets affected For each 100 increment increase in glucose over 100
Decreases by 1.6
How does Na gets affected For each 100 increment increase in glucose over 100
Decreases by 1.6
Which RTA has hyperkalemia
Type 4
Which RTA has the highest urine pH
Type 1
Which RTA is associated with Fanconi syndrome
Type 2
Which RTA is associated with Amphotericin B
Type 1
Which RTA is associated with interstitial nephritis
Type 4
Which RTA is associated with obstructive uropathy?
Type 4
Hematuria
Hearing loss
Ocular problems
Dx?
Alport
Denys drash syndrome
Infant onset nephrotic syndrome
XY dysgenesis
Wilms tumor
Which kidney diseases has low C3?
MPGN, SLE, PIGN
When does C3 return to normal in PIGN?
12 weeks
Types of MPGN?
Immune complex MPGN
Complement MPGN
What does biopsy of MPGN show
Thickening of GBM and hypercellularity
Obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, hypogenetic ism, polydactyly, cystic dysplasia of the kidney
Dx?
Bardet Biedl syndrome
Went to use glucocorticoid in AIN
If symptoms don’t improve a week after DC the drug
However, in NSAID, do not give steroid
Fever, rash, and eosinophilia
U/A WBC and WBC casts
AIN
Drugs associated with acute interstitial nephritis
B lactam
Penicillin derivatives
Rifampin
Tmp/sulfa
Fluoroquinolone
How is NSAID induced AIN different from other drugs
1- Duration: months before symptoms
2- Rash fever and eosinophilia might not occur
3- nephrotic range proteinuria
Multi cystic dysplastic kidney is usually (Uni/Bilatera)
Unilateral
Persistent asymptomatic hematuria causes:
IgA nephropathy
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Early alport
Thun basement membrane
Kidney Biopsy indications
-persistent microscopic hematuria (FHx alport or ESKD)
-Hematuria with diminished kidney function or proteinuria
-recurrent episodes of gross hematuria
-Glomerulonephritis not responding to treatment
-Glomerulonephritis with persistently reduced C3
-Glomerulonephritis w/ SLE
Casts are present in (glomerular/extra glomerular) hematuria
Glomerular
Clots are present in (glomerular/extra glomerular) hematuria
extra glomerular
