Nephro PathoPhysio Flashcards
Wich part of the ne phron concentrate urine?
Medulla
What is Goldblatt’s kidney?
Flea-bitten Kidney - Rupture of capillaries from high blood pressure).
What is Azotemia?
Increase BUN/Creatine Ratio (Renal Failure)
What is Uremia?
Azotemia (Renal Failure) with symptoms
What is Nephritic Kidney Disease?
Inflammation with protein loss <3.5 in urine.
Increase sizse of Fenestrations, RBC casts, HTN
What is Nephrotic Kidney Disease?
Lost basement membrane charge.
Proteinuria >3.5, Hypercoagulable state, lipiduria.
What is seen in RPGN?
Rapid Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Crescents
What is Drug induced hypersensitivity?
Eosinophils in the urine
What is (PSGN) Post-strep Glomerulonephritis?
Most Common Group A Strep (Kids)
IgG, C3
EM- Sub-ephilelial Lumpy bumpy
What is (MGM) Membranous Glomerulonephritis
LM-Base Membrane spikes and Silver Stain
IF- Granular/linear
EM- Supephitelial Spikes and Domes
What is Minimal Change Disease?
Most Common Nephrotic in Kids, fused foot processes, no renal failure, loss of charge barrier.
What is Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis?
Most Common in IVDA, African Americans, Hispanic and HIV patients
What are the Vasculitis associates with Low C3?
"PMS in Salt Lake City" Post-Strep Membrane Proliverative Glomerulonephritis (Type II) Sub Bacterial Endocarditis Lupus Cryoglobulinemia
What is the most common cause of Kidney Stone?
Dehydration
What is the most common type of Kidney Stone
Calcium Phosphate
Calcium Oxalate
What type of Kidney stone have Coffin-Lid Crystals?
Triple Phosphate (Strivite)
What type of Kidney Stone have Rossette Crystals?
Uric Acid
Is Painfull
What type of Kidney Stone have Hexagonal Crystals?
Cysteine
“COLA”
What type of Kidney Stone have Envelope or Dumbbell_Shape Crystals?
Oxalate
What disease has Anidria?
Willms Tumor
What type of Disease Iridocyclitis?
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is Phimosis?
Foreskin scarred at penis head
What is Paraphimosis?
Foreskin scarred at penis base.
Foreskin will strangulates the penis
What is Urge Incontinence?
Urgency leads to complete voiding, destrusor opacity leads to small bladder volume.
What is stress Incontinence?
Weak pelvic floor muscles,
Urinating when coughing, laughing, etc.
Estrogen Effect
What is Overflow Incontinence?
Cannot completely empty bladder
What structures have a one-way valves?
Urethra and Ejaculatory Duct
What structure have fake structure?
Ureters
Lowe Esophageal Sphinter
Ileocecal valve
What is WBC Cast?
Nephitis
What is WBC casts ONLY?
Pyelonephritis
What is WBC cast and Eosinophils?
Interstitial Nephritis (Allergies)
What has Fat Casts?
Nephotic Syndrome
What has Waxy Cast?
Chronic Renal Failure
What has Muddy Brown Casts?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
What has Tubular Cast?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
What has Hyaline Casts?
Normal sloughing
What has Epithelial Casts?
Normal sloughing
What has Crescents?
RPGN
How do you measure afferent renal function?
Cratinine or Inulin
How do you measure efferent renal function?
BUN or PAH (para-aminihippuric acid)
What is the afferent arteriole job?
Monitor the pressure
JG cells, Renin release
What is the efferent arteriole job?
To secrete
What can you measure to test afferent arterioles function?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Inulin
What can you measure to test efferent arterioles function?
Renal Plasma Flow
PAH
What is Pre-Renal Failure?
Low flow to the kidney
BUN/Cr ratio <20/1
What is Post-Renal Failure?
Obstruction (Hydronephrosis)
What is the job of Proximal Convulated tubule?
Reabsorb Glucose, Amino Acids, Salt and HCO3
>60%-80% Reabsorption
What is the job of the Thin Decending loop of Henle?
Reabsorb Water
What is the job of the Thick Ascending loop of Henle?
Make the concentration Gradient by reabsorbing Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca without water. (Impermeable to water)
What is the job of the Early Distal Convulated tuble?
Concentrate Urine by reabsorbing NaCl
What is the job of the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct?
Final Concentration of Urine by reabsorbing H2O andexcretion of acids
What does the Macula Densa do?
Measure Osmolatity (osmoles of solute-kg)
What does the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus do?
Messure volume
Secretes Renin in low volume state
What is Fanconi Syndrome?
PCT
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Urine Phosphate, Glucose, Amino Acids
Assciated with Tetracycline use
What is Bartter’s Syndrome?
Defective Trriple transporter
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
Autosomal Resessive
What is Psychogenic Polydisiaa?
Drinking a lot of Water, Diluting Na in blood
What is Hepatorenal Syndrome?
High Urea from the liver leads to
Increase Glutaminase, Amonia, GABA
Kidne Shut Down
What is Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
H/K in Collecting Duct is broken
High URine pH
What is Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis?
Proximal Renal Tubular acidosis
Bad Carnic Anhydrase
Lost al HCO3
What is Central Pontine Myelinolysis?
This happen when you correct the serum sodium faster than 0.5mEq/hr.
Infarct the PONS the patient can only blink
What disease have increases in Anion Gap?
"MUDPILES" Methanol Ureamia DKA Paraldehyde / Phenformin INH / Iron tablets Lactic Acidosis Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze) Salicylates
What are the IgA nephropathies?
HSP (Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura)
Berger’s
Alport Syndrome
What is the most common Nephrotic disease in Diabetic
Nodular Sclerosis
What is the most common Nephrotic disease complication with cancer?
Amyloidosis