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Nephrology > Nephro PathoPhysio > Flashcards

Nephro PathoPhysio Flashcards

1
Q

Wich part of the ne phron concentrate urine?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

What is Goldblatt’s kidney?

A

Flea-bitten Kidney - Rupture of capillaries from high blood pressure).

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3
Q

What is Azotemia?

A

Increase BUN/Creatine Ratio (Renal Failure)

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4
Q

What is Uremia?

A

Azotemia (Renal Failure) with symptoms

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5
Q

What is Nephritic Kidney Disease?

A

Inflammation with protein loss <3.5 in urine.

Increase sizse of Fenestrations, RBC casts, HTN

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6
Q

What is Nephrotic Kidney Disease?

A

Lost basement membrane charge.

Proteinuria >3.5, Hypercoagulable state, lipiduria.

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7
Q

What is seen in RPGN?

Rapid Progressive Glomerulonephritis

A

Crescents

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8
Q

What is Drug induced hypersensitivity?

A

Eosinophils in the urine

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9
Q

What is (PSGN) Post-strep Glomerulonephritis?

A

Most Common Group A Strep (Kids)
IgG, C3
EM- Sub-ephilelial Lumpy bumpy

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10
Q

What is (MGM) Membranous Glomerulonephritis

A

LM-Base Membrane spikes and Silver Stain
IF- Granular/linear
EM- Supephitelial Spikes and Domes

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11
Q

What is Minimal Change Disease?

A

Most Common Nephrotic in Kids, fused foot processes, no renal failure, loss of charge barrier.

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12
Q

What is Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis?

A

Most Common in IVDA, African Americans, Hispanic and HIV patients

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13
Q

What are the Vasculitis associates with Low C3?

A 
"PMS in Salt Lake City"
Post-Strep
Membrane Proliverative Glomerulonephritis (Type II)
Sub Bacterial Endocarditis
Lupus
Cryoglobulinemia
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14
Q

What is the most common cause of Kidney Stone?

A

Dehydration

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15
Q

What is the most common type of Kidney Stone

A

Calcium Phosphate

Calcium Oxalate

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16
Q

What type of Kidney stone have Coffin-Lid Crystals?

A

Triple Phosphate (Strivite)

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17
Q

What type of Kidney Stone have Rossette Crystals?

A

Uric Acid

Is Painfull

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18
Q

What type of Kidney Stone have Hexagonal Crystals?

A

Cysteine

“COLA”

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19
Q

What type of Kidney Stone have Envelope or Dumbbell_Shape Crystals?

A

Oxalate

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20
Q

What disease has Anidria?

A

Willms Tumor

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21
Q

What type of Disease Iridocyclitis?

A

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

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22
Q

What is Phimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at penis head

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23
Q

What is Paraphimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at penis base.

Foreskin will strangulates the penis

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24
Q

What is Urge Incontinence?

A

Urgency leads to complete voiding, destrusor opacity leads to small bladder volume.

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25
Q

What is stress Incontinence?

A

Weak pelvic floor muscles,
Urinating when coughing, laughing, etc.
Estrogen Effect

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26
Q

What is Overflow Incontinence?

A

Cannot completely empty bladder

27
Q

What structures have a one-way valves?

A

Urethra and Ejaculatory Duct

28
Q

What structure have fake structure?

A

Ureters
Lowe Esophageal Sphinter
Ileocecal valve

29
Q

What is WBC Cast?

A

Nephitis

30
Q

What is WBC casts ONLY?

A

Pyelonephritis

31
Q

What is WBC cast and Eosinophils?

A

Interstitial Nephritis (Allergies)

32
Q

What has Fat Casts?

A

Nephotic Syndrome

33
Q

What has Waxy Cast?

A

Chronic Renal Failure

34
Q

What has Muddy Brown Casts?

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

35
Q

What has Tubular Cast?

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

36
Q

What has Hyaline Casts?

A

Normal sloughing

37
Q

What has Epithelial Casts?

A

Normal sloughing

38
Q

What has Crescents?

A

RPGN

39
Q

How do you measure afferent renal function?

A

Cratinine or Inulin

40
Q

How do you measure efferent renal function?

A

BUN or PAH (para-aminihippuric acid)

41
Q

What is the afferent arteriole job?

A

Monitor the pressure

JG cells, Renin release

42
Q

What is the efferent arteriole job?

A

To secrete

43
Q

What can you measure to test afferent arterioles function?

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Inulin

44
Q

What can you measure to test efferent arterioles function?

A

Renal Plasma Flow

PAH

45
Q

What is Pre-Renal Failure?

A

Low flow to the kidney

BUN/Cr ratio <20/1

46
Q

What is Post-Renal Failure?

A

Obstruction (Hydronephrosis)

47
Q

What is the job of Proximal Convulated tubule?

A

Reabsorb Glucose, Amino Acids, Salt and HCO3

>60%-80% Reabsorption

48
Q

What is the job of the Thin Decending loop of Henle?

A

Reabsorb Water

49
Q

What is the job of the Thick Ascending loop of Henle?

A

Make the concentration Gradient by reabsorbing Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca without water. (Impermeable to water)

50
Q

What is the job of the Early Distal Convulated tuble?

A

Concentrate Urine by reabsorbing NaCl

51
Q

What is the job of the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct?

A

Final Concentration of Urine by reabsorbing H2O andexcretion of acids

52
Q

What does the Macula Densa do?

A

Measure Osmolatity (osmoles of solute-kg)

53
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus do?

A

Messure volume

Secretes Renin in low volume state

54
Q

What is Fanconi Syndrome?

A

PCT
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Urine Phosphate, Glucose, Amino Acids
Assciated with Tetracycline use

55
Q

What is Bartter’s Syndrome?

A

Defective Trriple transporter
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
Autosomal Resessive

56
Q

What is Psychogenic Polydisiaa?

A

Drinking a lot of Water, Diluting Na in blood

57
Q

What is Hepatorenal Syndrome?

A

High Urea from the liver leads to
Increase Glutaminase, Amonia, GABA
Kidne Shut Down

58
Q

What is Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?

A

H/K in Collecting Duct is broken

High URine pH

59
Q

What is Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis?

A

Proximal Renal Tubular acidosis
Bad Carnic Anhydrase
Lost al HCO3

60
Q

What is Central Pontine Myelinolysis?

A

This happen when you correct the serum sodium faster than 0.5mEq/hr.
Infarct the PONS the patient can only blink

61
Q

What disease have increases in Anion Gap?

A 
"MUDPILES"
Methanol
Ureamia
DKA
Paraldehyde / Phenformin
INH / Iron tablets
Lactic Acidosis
Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze)
Salicylates
62
Q

What are the IgA nephropathies?

A

HSP (Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura)
Berger’s
Alport Syndrome

63
Q

What is the most common Nephrotic disease in Diabetic

A

Nodular Sclerosis

64
Q

What is the most common Nephrotic disease complication with cancer?

A

Amyloidosis

Nephrology (2 decks)

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