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Nephro PathoPhysio Flashcards

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1
Q

Wich part of the ne phron concentrate urine?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

What is Goldblatt’s kidney?

A

Flea-bitten Kidney - Rupture of capillaries from high blood pressure).

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3
Q

What is Azotemia?

A

Increase BUN/Creatine Ratio (Renal Failure)

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4
Q

What is Uremia?

A

Azotemia (Renal Failure) with symptoms

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5
Q

What is Nephritic Kidney Disease?

A

Inflammation with protein loss <3.5 in urine.

Increase sizse of Fenestrations, RBC casts, HTN

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6
Q

What is Nephrotic Kidney Disease?

A

Lost basement membrane charge.

Proteinuria >3.5, Hypercoagulable state, lipiduria.

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7
Q

What is seen in RPGN?

Rapid Progressive Glomerulonephritis

A

Crescents

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8
Q

What is Drug induced hypersensitivity?

A

Eosinophils in the urine

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9
Q

What is (PSGN) Post-strep Glomerulonephritis?

A

Most Common Group A Strep (Kids)
IgG, C3
EM- Sub-ephilelial Lumpy bumpy

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10
Q

What is (MGM) Membranous Glomerulonephritis

A

LM-Base Membrane spikes and Silver Stain
IF- Granular/linear
EM- Supephitelial Spikes and Domes

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11
Q

What is Minimal Change Disease?

A

Most Common Nephrotic in Kids, fused foot processes, no renal failure, loss of charge barrier.

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12
Q

What is Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis?

A

Most Common in IVDA, African Americans, Hispanic and HIV patients

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13
Q

What are the Vasculitis associates with Low C3?

A 
"PMS in Salt Lake City"
Post-Strep
Membrane Proliverative Glomerulonephritis (Type II)
Sub Bacterial Endocarditis
Lupus
Cryoglobulinemia
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14
Q

What is the most common cause of Kidney Stone?

A

Dehydration

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15
Q

What is the most common type of Kidney Stone

A

Calcium Phosphate

Calcium Oxalate

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16
Q

What type of Kidney stone have Coffin-Lid Crystals?

A

Triple Phosphate (Strivite)

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17
Q

What type of Kidney Stone have Rossette Crystals?

A

Uric Acid

Is Painfull

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18
Q

What type of Kidney Stone have Hexagonal Crystals?

A

Cysteine

“COLA”

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19
Q

What type of Kidney Stone have Envelope or Dumbbell_Shape Crystals?

A

Oxalate

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20
Q

What disease has Anidria?

A

Willms Tumor

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21
Q

What type of Disease Iridocyclitis?

A

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

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22
Q

What is Phimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at penis head

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23
Q

What is Paraphimosis?

A

Foreskin scarred at penis base.

Foreskin will strangulates the penis

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24
Q

What is Urge Incontinence?

A

Urgency leads to complete voiding, destrusor opacity leads to small bladder volume.

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25
What is stress Incontinence?
Weak pelvic floor muscles, Urinating when coughing, laughing, etc. Estrogen Effect
26
What is Overflow Incontinence?
Cannot completely empty bladder
27
What structures have a one-way valves?
Urethra and Ejaculatory Duct
28
What structure have fake structure?
Ureters Lowe Esophageal Sphinter Ileocecal valve
29
What is WBC Cast?
Nephitis
30
What is WBC casts ONLY?
Pyelonephritis
31
What is WBC cast and Eosinophils?
Interstitial Nephritis (Allergies)
32
What has Fat Casts?
Nephotic Syndrome
33
What has Waxy Cast?
Chronic Renal Failure
34
What has Muddy Brown Casts?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
35
What has Tubular Cast?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
36
What has Hyaline Casts?
Normal sloughing
37
What has Epithelial Casts?
Normal sloughing
38
What has Crescents?
RPGN
39
How do you measure afferent renal function?
Cratinine or Inulin
40
How do you measure efferent renal function?
BUN or PAH (para-aminihippuric acid)
41
What is the afferent arteriole job?
Monitor the pressure | JG cells, Renin release
42
What is the efferent arteriole job?
To secrete
43
What can you measure to test afferent arterioles function?
Glomerular Filtration Rate | Inulin
44
What can you measure to test efferent arterioles function?
Renal Plasma Flow | PAH
45
What is Pre-Renal Failure?
Low flow to the kidney | BUN/Cr ratio <20/1
46
What is Post-Renal Failure?
Obstruction (Hydronephrosis)
47
What is the job of Proximal Convulated tubule?
Reabsorb Glucose, Amino Acids, Salt and HCO3 | >60%-80% Reabsorption
48
What is the job of the Thin Decending loop of Henle?
Reabsorb Water
49
What is the job of the Thick Ascending loop of Henle?
Make the concentration Gradient by reabsorbing Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca without water. (Impermeable to water)
50
What is the job of the Early Distal Convulated tuble?
Concentrate Urine by reabsorbing NaCl
51
What is the job of the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct?
Final Concentration of Urine by reabsorbing H2O andexcretion of acids
52
What does the Macula Densa do?
Measure Osmolatity (osmoles of solute-kg)
53
What does the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus do?
Messure volume | Secretes Renin in low volume state
54
What is Fanconi Syndrome?
PCT Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis Urine Phosphate, Glucose, Amino Acids Assciated with Tetracycline use
55
What is Bartter's Syndrome?
Defective Trriple transporter Hypokalemia Metabolic Alkalosis Autosomal Resessive
56
What is Psychogenic Polydisiaa?
Drinking a lot of Water, Diluting Na in blood
57
What is Hepatorenal Syndrome?
High Urea from the liver leads to Increase Glutaminase, Amonia, GABA Kidne Shut Down
58
What is Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
H/K in Collecting Duct is broken | High URine pH
59
What is Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis?
Proximal Renal Tubular acidosis Bad Carnic Anhydrase Lost al HCO3
60
What is Central Pontine Myelinolysis?
This happen when you correct the serum sodium faster than 0.5mEq/hr. Infarct the PONS the patient can only blink
61
What disease have increases in Anion Gap?
``` "MUDPILES" Methanol Ureamia DKA Paraldehyde / Phenformin INH / Iron tablets Lactic Acidosis Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze) Salicylates ```
62
What are the IgA nephropathies?
HSP (Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura) Berger's Alport Syndrome
63
What is the most common Nephrotic disease in Diabetic
Nodular Sclerosis
64
What is the most common Nephrotic disease complication with cancer?
Amyloidosis

Nephrology (2 decks)

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