nephro condensed Flashcards by Liz Smith

drug causes of acute interstitial nephritis

penicillin
rifampicin
NSAIDs
allopurinol
furosemide

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non drug causes of acute interstitial nephritis

sarcoid
SLE, sjogrens
Hanta virus
staph

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features of acute interstitial nephritis

fever, rash, arthralgia
eosinophilia
HTN

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pre-renal uraemia biochemistry

sodium is retained to maintain intravascular volume

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SGLT2 inhibitor mechanism

inhibits glucose and sodium reabsorption at PCT
causes natiuresis
Increases sodium reaching macula densa which normalises tubuloglomerular feedback and reduces intraglomerular pressure

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treating ADPKD

tolvaptan

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HLADR2 associated with

anti GBM

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pulmonary haemorrhage associated with

anti GBM

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AL amyloidosis features

macroglossia, periorbital eccymosis
nephrotic syndrome

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causes of AL amyloidosis

myeolma
waldrenstrom
MGUS

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causes of hyperchloraemic acidosis

GI loss
renal tubular acidosis
acetazolamide
Addisons

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features of calciphylaxis

painful necrotic lesions

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precipitants of calciphylaxis

ESRF
warfarin

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managing proteinuria

ACEi/ARB
SGLT2i

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testing for cystinuria

cyanide nitroprusside test

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cystinuria genetics

recessive
chromo 2 SLC3A1
chromo 19 SLC7A9
COLA defect

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managing cystinuria

D penicillamine

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causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

demeclocycline
high calcium
low potassium

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managing nephrogenic DI

thiazides

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kimmelstiel wilson

stage 4 diabetic nephropathy

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causes of fanconi

cystinosis
sjogrens
myeloma
wilsons

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causes of diffuse proliferative GN

post strep
SLE

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causes of membranoproliferative GN

1: cryoglobulinaemia, hep c
2: lipodystrophy
3: hep b/c

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tram track appearance

membranoproliferative GN

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c3b

type 2 membranoproliferative GN

causes of minimal change disease

hodgkin, thymoma NSAIDs EBV rifampicin

causes of membranous GN

malignancy infection rheumatoid drugs (gold, penicillamine, NSAIDs)

spike and dome

membranous GN

mesangial hypercellularity

IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy is associated with what conditions?

coeliac dermatitis herpetiformis alcoholic cirrhosis

low complement GN

post strep bacterial endocarditis SLE membranoproliferative type 2

managing HURS

plasma exchange if not associated with diarrhoea eculizimab C5i

what drug can cause crystal obstruction?

indinavir

hyperkalaemia ECG changes

tall Ts no P broad QRS

what drug can cause hyperkalaemia?

ACEi

antiphospholipase A2 is associated with what?

membranous GN

string of beads appearance

fibromuscular dysplasia

causes of papillary necrosis

sickle cell TB DM pyelonephritis

abx for dialysis

vanc + cefotaxime vanc + cipro

post strep antibodies

IgG, IgM, C3

starry sky, lumpy deposits

post strep GN

alkaptonuria

increase homo acid black urine, pigmented sclera

managing alkaptonuria

vit D reduced phenylalanine and tyrosine diet

bicalutamide

non steroidal anti androgen

cyproterone acetate

anti androgen stops DHT binding

abiratone

prevents androgen synthesis

docetaxel

chemo agent for prostate ca

renal cell ca originates where?

PCT epithelium

renal cell ca endocrine

EPO PTHrP renin ACTH raised IL6

renal cell ca gastro effects

hepatomegaly cholestasis

causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis

inflammatory AAA riedels thyroiditis sarcoid radiotherapy methyserigide

what drugs can cause calcium stones?

loop diuretics steroids acetazolamide theophylline

ciclosporin mechanism

inhibits calcineurin prevents T cell activation

mycophenolate mofetil mechanism

inhibits IMPDH inhibits purine synthesis and B and T cell proliferation

sirolimus mechanism

inhibits IL2 receptor and t cell proliferation

monoclonal ab mechanism for immunosuppresion

IL2 receptor antagonist

IL2 receptor antagonists

daclizumab basiliximab

features of rhabdo

CK 5x upper limit hypocalcaemia hyperphosphataemia, hyperkalaemia

why is calcium low in rhabdo?

raised myoglobin which binds calcium

AFP and bHCG are raised in what?

non seminoma

LDH is raised in what types of testicular ca?

GCT

foamy macrophages

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Wilm's tumour associations

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome WAGR syndrome (aniridia, genitourinary malformations, LDs) hemihypertrophy

Wilm's tumour genetics

1/3 are associated with loss of function mutation WT1 gene on chromo 11

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

organomegaly, macroglossia, abdo wall defects Wilm's tumour neonatal hypoglycaemia

stages of SLE kidney disease

I: normal II: mesangial glomerulonephritis III: focal segmental proliferative GN IV: diffuse proliferative GN V: diffuse membranous GN VI: sclerosing GN class 4 is most common and most severe

diffuse proliferative GN microscopy findings

Gomeruli have endothelial and mesangial proliferation 'wire-loop' appearance subendothelial immune complex deposits granular appearance on immunofluorescence

treatment for class 3 and 4 SLE nephritis

glucocorticoids and mycophenolate or cyclophosphamide

AKI criteria

increase in creatinine by 26 in 48h 50% increase in creatinine in 7 days < 0.5ml /kg/hr urine over 6 h