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Nephrology > nephro condensed > Flashcards

nephro condensed Flashcards

1
Q

drug causes of acute interstitial nephritis

A

penicillin
rifampicin
NSAIDs
allopurinol
furosemide

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2
Q

non drug causes of acute interstitial nephritis

A

sarcoid
SLE, sjogrens
Hanta virus
staph

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3
Q

features of acute interstitial nephritis

A

fever, rash, arthralgia
eosinophilia
HTN

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4
Q

pre-renal uraemia biochemistry

A

sodium is retained to maintain intravascular volume

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5
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor mechanism

A

inhibits glucose and sodium reabsorption at PCT
causes natiuresis
Increases sodium reaching macula densa which normalises tubuloglomerular feedback and reduces intraglomerular pressure

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6
Q

treating ADPKD

A

tolvaptan

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7
Q

HLADR2 associated with

A

anti GBM

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8
Q

pulmonary haemorrhage associated with

A

anti GBM

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9
Q

AL amyloidosis features

A

macroglossia, periorbital eccymosis
nephrotic syndrome

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10
Q

causes of AL amyloidosis

A

myeolma
waldrenstrom
MGUS

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11
Q

causes of hyperchloraemic acidosis

A

GI loss
renal tubular acidosis
acetazolamide
Addisons

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12
Q

features of calciphylaxis

A

painful necrotic lesions

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13
Q

precipitants of calciphylaxis

A

ESRF
warfarin

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14
Q

managing proteinuria

A

ACEi/ARB
SGLT2i

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15
Q

testing for cystinuria

A

cyanide nitroprusside test

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16
Q

cystinuria genetics

A

recessive
chromo 2 SLC3A1
chromo 19 SLC7A9
COLA defect

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17
Q

managing cystinuria

A

D penicillamine

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18
Q

causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

demeclocycline
high calcium
low potassium

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19
Q

managing nephrogenic DI

A

thiazides

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20
Q

kimmelstiel wilson

A

stage 4 diabetic nephropathy

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21
Q

causes of fanconi

A

cystinosis
sjogrens
myeloma
wilsons

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22
Q

causes of diffuse proliferative GN

A

post strep
SLE

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23
Q

causes of membranoproliferative GN

A

1: cryoglobulinaemia, hep c
2: lipodystrophy
3: hep b/c

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24
Q

tram track appearance

A

membranoproliferative GN

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25
Q

c3b

A

type 2 membranoproliferative GN

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26
Q

causes of minimal change disease

A

hodgkin, thymoma
NSAIDs
EBV
rifampicin

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27
Q

causes of membranous GN

A

malignancy
infection
rheumatoid drugs (gold, penicillamine, NSAIDs)

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28
Q

spike and dome

A

membranous GN

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29
Q

mesangial hypercellularity

A

IgA nephropathy

30
Q

IgA nephropathy is associated with what conditions?

A

coeliac
dermatitis herpetiformis
alcoholic cirrhosis

31
Q

low complement GN

A

post strep
bacterial endocarditis
SLE
membranoproliferative type 2

32
Q

managing HURS

A

plasma exchange if not associated with diarrhoea
eculizimab C5i

33
Q

what drug can cause crystal obstruction?

A

indinavir

34
Q

hyperkalaemia ECG changes

A

tall Ts
no P
broad QRS

35
Q

what drug can cause hyperkalaemia?

A

ACEi

36
Q

antiphospholipase A2 is associated with what?

A

membranous GN

37
Q

string of beads appearance

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

38
Q

causes of papillary necrosis

A

sickle cell
TB
DM
pyelonephritis

39
Q

abx for dialysis

A

vanc + cefotaxime
vanc + cipro

40
Q

post strep antibodies

A

IgG, IgM, C3

41
Q

starry sky, lumpy deposits

A

post strep GN

42
Q

alkaptonuria

A

increase homo acid
black urine, pigmented sclera

43
Q

managing alkaptonuria

A

vit D
reduced phenylalanine and tyrosine diet

44
Q

bicalutamide

A

non steroidal anti androgen

45
Q

cyproterone acetate

A

anti androgen
stops DHT binding

46
Q

abiratone

A

prevents androgen synthesis

47
Q

docetaxel

A

chemo agent for prostate ca

48
Q

renal cell ca originates where?

A

PCT epithelium

49
Q

renal cell ca endocrine

A

EPO
PTHrP
renin
ACTH
raised IL6

50
Q

renal cell ca gastro effects

A

hepatomegaly
cholestasis

51
Q

causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

inflammatory AAA
riedels thyroiditis
sarcoid
radiotherapy
methyserigide

52
Q

what drugs can cause calcium stones?

A

loop diuretics
steroids
acetazolamide
theophylline

53
Q

ciclosporin mechanism

A

inhibits calcineurin
prevents T cell activation

54
Q

mycophenolate mofetil mechanism

A

inhibits IMPDH
inhibits purine synthesis and B and T cell proliferation

55
Q

sirolimus mechanism

A

inhibits IL2 receptor and t cell proliferation

56
Q

monoclonal ab mechanism for immunosuppresion

A

IL2 receptor antagonist

57
Q

IL2 receptor antagonists

A

daclizumab
basiliximab

58
Q

features of rhabdo

A

CK 5x upper limit
hypocalcaemia
hyperphosphataemia, hyperkalaemia

59
Q

why is calcium low in rhabdo?

A

raised myoglobin which binds calcium

60
Q

AFP and bHCG are raised in what?

A

non seminoma

61
Q

LDH is raised in what types of testicular ca?

A

GCT

62
Q

foamy macrophages

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

63
Q

Wilm’s tumour associations

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
WAGR syndrome (aniridia, genitourinary malformations, LDs)
hemihypertrophy

64
Q

Wilm’s tumour genetics

A

1/3 are associated with loss of function mutation WT1 gene on chromo 11

65
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A

organomegaly, macroglossia, abdo wall defects
Wilm’s tumour
neonatal hypoglycaemia

66
Q

stages of SLE kidney disease

A

I: normal
II: mesangial glomerulonephritis
III: focal segmental proliferative GN
IV: diffuse proliferative GN
V: diffuse membranous GN
VI: sclerosing GN

class 4 is most common and most severe

67
Q

diffuse proliferative GN microscopy findings

A

Gomeruli have endothelial and mesangial proliferation
‘wire-loop’ appearance
subendothelial immune
complex deposits
granular appearance on immunofluorescence

68
Q

treatment for class 3 and 4 SLE nephritis

A

glucocorticoids and mycophenolate or cyclophosphamide

69
Q
A
70
Q

AKI criteria

A

increase in creatinine by 26 in 48h
50% increase in creatinine in 7 days
< 0.5ml /kg/hr urine over 6 h

Nephrology (2 decks)

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