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Master The Boards Step 2 > Nephro > Flashcards

Nephro Flashcards

1
Q

Moderate hyponatremia tx?

Mild confusion

A

Saline+diuretics

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2
Q

Severe hyponatremia tx?

Lethargy confusion coma

A

Hypertonic saline + conivaptan/ tolvaptan

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3
Q

Chronic SIADH tx

A

Demeclocyline: block action of ADH by binding its receptor

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4
Q

SIADH
Urine osmola?
Urine Na?
Volume status?

A

Urine osm: increased
Urine Na: increased
Euvolemic

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5
Q

2 causes of metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap?

A

RTA

Diarrhea

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6
Q

Type 1 RTA
Diagnostic test?
Tx?

A

Distal
Cannot produce and secrete bicarb, so cannot secrete acid– urine ph over 5.5
Nephrocalcinosis ( calcium oxalate)
Diag: ammonium chloride infusion (acid)
Tx: give HCO3, easy to correct since proximal is working

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7
Q

Type 2 RTA?
Diag?
Tx?

A

Proximal. Cannot reabsorb bicarb, but distal still excrete acid so urine ph

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8
Q

Type 1 RTA reasons?

A

Amphotericin B

Autoimmune (SLE , sjogren )

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9
Q

Causes of type 2 RTA

A

Proximal:

Amyloidosis, myeloma, acetozolamide, fanconi synd, heavy metals

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10
Q

Type 4 rta?

A

Disbetics
Hyporeninemic hypoaldestronism
Tx: fludricortisone

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11
Q

Renal stone

Best initial therapy?

A

First Analgesics and hydration (ketorolac)
THEN CT and sonograpy to detect any obst

Stones

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12
Q

Acc to Stone size, management?

A

Less than 5mm: pass
5-7 mm: give nifedipine and tamsulosin
Stones less than 2 cm: litotripsy
If more than 2 cm: surgery

Upper half of ureter: suitable for litotripsy
Lower half: cystoscopy and basket removal

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13
Q

Stress incontinence tx

A

Kegel exercises
Local estrogen cream
Surgical tightening of urethra

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14
Q

Urge incontinence tx

A

Bladder training exercises
Antichol drug: oxybutinin, tolterodine, solifenacin, darifenacin
Surgical tightening of urethra

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15
Q 
Most effective in controlling HT?
Salt restriction
Weight loss
Or 
Cessation of smoke?
A

Weight loss👍🏻🤓🤓

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16
Q

HT tx

A

1.Try life style modification for 3-6 months
2. Start with thiazide diuretic
3. If at presentation BP>160/100:
Use 2 drugs

17
Q

Most pts in HT on one or 2 medication?

A

90% on 2 medication

18
Q

HT in pregnancy tx?

First line?

A

First line: beta blocker
Ccb
Hydralazine
Alpha methyl dopa

19
Q

HT crisis?

Best initial tx:?

A

Confusion, blurry vision, chest pain, dyspnea ( end organ damage)
Best initial tx: labetalol and nitroprusside
Enalapril
DiltiaZem verapamil
Esmolol ( all equal in effect)

20
Q

Mild hyponatremia tx?

No symp

A

Fluid restriction

Master The Boards Step 2 (3 decks)

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