nephro Flashcards
Clinical diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome
Oedema
proteinuria
hypoalbuminaemia
hypercholesterolaemia
Nephrotic Syndrome in children
Minimal Change nephrotic syndrom
Treatment of minimal Change nephrotic syndrome
Responds well to steroids
Features of nephritic syndrome
- Hypertension
- Oligouria
- Haematuria
Features of nephrotic syndrome
- Hypoalbumiaemia
- hypercholesterolaemia
- proteinuria >1g
Features of nephritic-nephrotic syndrome
Essentially nephrotic Syndrome with Hypertension & haematuria.
Immune complex mediated disease (nephritic component)
Loss of GBM negative Charge (nephrotic Syndrome)
Chronic Antigen exposure, therefore chronic glomerulonephritis
True/ False: nehritic-nephrotic Syndrome responds well to steriod treatment
false
Define chronic kindney failure
Kidney damage or decreased function
GFR < 60ml/ min for 3 mnths or more
Markers of kidney damage
Proteinuria
active Urine Sediment
abnormal blood chemistry
Imaging
Give the stages of chronic kidney disease (1-5)
- Kidney damage >= 90 (GFR)
- Mild 60-89
- moderate 30-59
- Severe 15-29
- ESRF <15
What does ESRF stand for
end stage renal failure
Incidence of Chronic kidney failure in RSA
250/Million
increases by 8% pa
Causes of chronic kidney failure, categories
Congenital (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease)
Neoplastic (Myeloma amyloid)
Metabolic (DM)
Traumatic
Inflammatory (Reflux nephropathy, glomerulonephritis
Vascular (lupus Nephritis, malignant Hypertension)
Miscellaneous (analgesic nephropathy)
Principles of Treatment chronic kidney failure
Depends on stage
Treat underlying disease
Use ACE-I and ARB´s
Goals of Treatment for chronic kidney failure
Proteinuria <2ml/min/yr
Adjuctive Treatment chronic k f
BP control Phosphate binders decrease cholsterol correct anaemia restrict dietary Protein stop Smoking weight loss
Which Imaging techniques are included in the Initial assessment for CKF
Sonar
Nephrotomograms
How Long is the haemodialysis Treatment for CKF
12 hours weekly
The best Treatment for chronic kindey failure is Transplantation. T/F
true
T/F kidney Transplantation is cheaper than haemodialysis
true
Who is viable for renal transplants
no severe comorbid diseases
no cancer
reasonable life expectancy
able to tolerate immunosuppression
Normal Urine protein
150mg/day
Functional causes of proteinuria
exercise, fever, HF, orthostatic
Primary glomerular disease
membranous nephropathy
minimal Change disease
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
mesgangiocapillary GN
Systemic (secondary) glomerular disease
DM SLE Amyloidosis Pre-eclampsia Infections malignancies drugs
Tubular glomerular disease
Tubular injury
impaired reabsorption of Protein
Proteinuria <2g/day
