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Nephro > Nephro > Flashcards

Nephro Flashcards

1
Q

Persistent presence of more than 5 RBCs/HPF in uncentrifuged urine, occurs in 4-6% of urine samples from school-age children

A

Hematuria

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2
Q

MC cause of gross hematuria

A

Bacterial and Viral UTI

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3
Q

Indicated if with persistent microscopic hematuria and recurrent gross hematuria assoc with dec renal function, proteinuria or hypertension

A

Renal Biopsy

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4
Q

Gross hematuria 1-2 days after onset of viral URTI resolves within 5 days

A

IgA Nephropathy

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5
Q

Primary treatment of IgA nephropathy

A

BP control and Mgt of significant proteinuria

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6
Q

Pattern of lumpy-bumpy deposits of immunoglobulin and complement on the glomerular BM and in the mesangium

A

PSGN

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7
Q

Microscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria without gross hematuria

A

Thin Basement Membrane Disease

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8
Q

Acute nephritic syndrome after antecedent streptococcal pharyngitis

A

1-2 weeks

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9
Q

Acute nephritic syndrome after antecedent streptococcal skin infection

A

3-6 weeks

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10
Q

In Acute nephritic syndrome, microscopic hematuria persists until

A

1-2 years

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11
Q

In Acute nephritic syndrome, urinary protein usually normalizes by

A

4-6 weeks

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12
Q

In Acute nephritic syndrome, acute phase resolves within

A

6-8 weeks

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13
Q

Remains the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of SLE nephritis

A

Kidney biopsy and evaluation of renal histopathology

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14
Q

Prescribed for most patients with SLE for extrarenal manifestations

A

Hydroxychloroquine

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15
Q

Classic tetrad of HSP nephritis

A

palpable purpura, arthritis or arthralgia, abdominal pain and evidence for renal disease

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16
Q

MC small-vessel vasculitis in children

A

HSP

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17
Q

An autoimmune disease characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, rapidly progressive GN and elevated anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody titers

A

Goodpasture disease

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18
Q

In Good pasture, antibodies is against

A

type IV collagen

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19
Q

Common cause of community acquired AKI in young children

A

HUS

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20
Q

It is the MC form of thrombotic microangiopathy in children

A

HUS

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21
Q

MC form of HUS is caused by

A

STEC

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22
Q

Traid of HUS

A

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency

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23
Q

MC cause of acute TIN in children

A

Drugs

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24
Q

Hallmarks of TIN

A

extensive lymphocytic infiltration of the tubulointerstitium, interstitial edema and varying degrees of tubular necrosis and regeneration

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25
Q

Classically heralded by the sudden onset of gross hematuria and unilateral or bilateral flank masses

A

Renal vein thrombosis

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26
Q

Often made antenatally by the demonstration of oligohydramnios and bilateral enlarged kidneys on prenatal ultrasound. Infant presents with bilateral flank masses during the neonatal period or in early infancy

A

AR polycystic kidney disease

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27
Q

Adult onset, systemic disorder with possible cyst formation in multiple organs

A

AD polycystic kidney disease

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28
Q

MC cause of persistent proteinuria in school age children and adolescents, occurring in up to 60% of children with persistent proteinuria

A

Orthostatic proteinuria

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29
Q

Triad of Nephrotic syndrome

A

hypoalbuminemia (<2.5g/dL), edema and hyperlipidemia (cholesterol >200mg/dL)

30
Q

MC glomerular lesions assoc with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

A

Minimal Change Disease

31
Q

Infectious agent that may cause nephrotic syndrome

A

Malaria, schistosomiasis, filarial

32
Q

MC presenting symptom of children with nephrotic syndrome

A

Edema

33
Q

Nephrotic syndrome where UPCR>2 or >3+ protein on urine dipstick for 3 consecutive days

A

Relapse

34
Q

Mainstay therapy of Nephrotic syndrome

A

Corticosteroids

35
Q

Most frequent etiologic agent of px with nephrotic syndrome with peritonitis

A

Pneumococcus

36
Q

Steroid resistance is defined as the failure to achieve remission after

A

8 weeks of steroid therapy

37
Q

MC cause of end-stage renal disease in adolescent

A

FSGS

38
Q

Vaccine given to px with Nephrotic syndrome

A

PPV, PCV, Flu

39
Q

Dose of prednisone where live vaccines vaccination is allowed

A

1mg/kg OD or 2mg/kg alternate days

40
Q

Occurs as the result of impaired aldosterone production (hypoaldosteronism) or impaired renal responsiveness to aldosterone (pseudohypoaldosteronism); hyperkalmic

A

Type 4 RTA

41
Q

Defect in reabsorption of HCO3 with acidic urine (pH <5.5) with Low molecular weight, glycosuria, phosphaturia, aminoaciduria

A

Type 2 RTA / proximal tubular acidosis

42
Q

Impaired H excretion, alkaline urine with hypokalemia, hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia

A

Type 1 RTA / Distal RTA

43
Q

Mainstay therapy of all forms of RTA

A

Bicarbonate replacement

44
Q

Rare AR cause of hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, with distinct features of hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia

A

Gitelman syndrome

45
Q

Onset: antenatal, hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalciuria, High serum Mg, High serum renin, aldosterone, needed LOOP diuretics

A

Bartter Syndrome

46
Q

Onset: Childhood/adulthood, hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, Low serum Mg, High serum renin, aldosterone, needed THIAZIDE diuretics

A

Gitelman syndrome

47
Q

Defined as inc in serum Crea by =/> 0.3mg/dL from baseline, Inc in serum crea by =/> 1.5x from baseline and urine vol =/< 0.5ml/kg/hr x 6 hrs

A

AKI

48
Q

Prerenal cause of AKI

A

Sepsis

49
Q

Intrinsic cause of AKI

A

HUS

50
Q

Post renal cause of AKI

A

Neurogenic Bladder

51
Q

MC cause of intrinsic renal AKI

A

ATN

52
Q

MC employed in neonates and infants with AKI, although this modality may be used in children and adolescent of all ages

A

Peritoneal dialysis

53
Q

Criteria of CKD is GFR of ___ for =/> 3 mos with or without the other signs of kidney damage

A

<60ml/min/BSA for =/> 3 mos

54
Q

Cause of anemia in CKD patients

A

inadequate erythropoietin production

55
Q

Optimal therapy for children with ESRD

A

Kidney transplant

56
Q

MC cause of UTI

A

E. coli

57
Q

Symptoms include dysuria, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, incontinence and possible malodorous urine

A

cystitis

58
Q

Characterized by any or all of the ff; abdominal, back, flank pain, fever, malaise, NV and occ diarrhea

A

Pyelonephritis

59
Q

Causes of renal and perinephric abscess

A

S. aureus and E. coli

60
Q

90-100% specific component of urinalysis

A

Nitrite test

61
Q

Suggest infection if WBC >3-6/hpf

A

Pyuria

62
Q

First line type of imaging for screening and will likely demonstrate an enlarged kidney with a possible mass

A

KUB UTZ

63
Q

Undescended testis must be treated surgically at

A

9-15 months

64
Q

MC disorder of sexual differentiation in males

A

Cryptorchidism

65
Q

MC cause of severe testicular pain in males age 12 yrs old and older and is uncommon before age of 10 yr

A

Testicular torsion

66
Q

Golden hour for testicular torsion

A

6 hours

67
Q

MC cause of testicular pain in males 4-10 yr old

A

Torsion of the appendix testis/ epididymis

68
Q

Treatment of Torsion of the appendix testis/ epididymis

A

bed rest for 24 hrs and analgesia

69
Q

MC surgically correctible cause of infertility in males

A

Varicocele

70
Q

Congenital hydrocele usually resolves at what age

A

9 months

71
Q

MC gynecologic-based problem for prepubertal children with a reported incidence of 17-50%

A

Vulvovaginitis

Nephro (1 decks)

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