NEP Flashcards
When and where was the NEP introduced by Lenin?
10th Party Congress in March 1921
What does ROTCOM stand for?
Requisitioning abolished.
Ownership of small businesses encouraged.
Trade ban lifted.
COMmanding heights of industry with the state.
What was the grain requisitioning replaced with?
a tax in kind - which said the peasants paid part to the state but could sell and surplus for profit.
Why did Lenin re-open small scale businesses?
He realised that peasants would not sell produce unless there was goods they wanted for sale.
What is the significance of the NEP policy?
It was a retreat from Bolshevik policy of state control, allowed for a revival of the petit bourgeois and gave breathing space to revive the economy.
By how much did NEP increase cereal production?
It increased by 23% compared to 1920.
By how much did NEP increase factory output?
200%
By how much did NEP increase the wage of workers?
The average monthly wage of urban workers rose from 10.2 roubles in 1921 to 15.9 in 1923.
What other materials saw a rise in output?
Coal, steel, finished cloth and electricity.
By how much did NEP increase grain harvest?
It rose from 37.6 million tons in 1921 to 56.6 in 1923.
What had reached its production levels of 1913 by 1926?
Industry.
By how much did grain production from 1920 as a result of NEP?
over 25%
By how much did the amount of land under cultivation rise?
It rose from 90 hectares in 1921 to 7.7 million hectares in 1922 to 91.7 million.
What did the NEPmen do?
They brought up produce, grain, meat, eggs and vegetables to take to markets and sell.
By 1923, how much retail trade did NEPmen handle?
3/4
How many private traders was there in 1923?
25,000
What significance did the initial ending of food shortages have?
It took the steam out of revolt and famine. It took away a part of vital opposition to the Bolsheviks.
What did both inside and outside of the USSR feel that NEP marked the end of?
The communist experiment.
Who did NEP lead to trade agreements between?
Germany in 1922 and Britain in 1924.
What impact did NEP have on War Communism?
It improved it greatly however this was also due to the ending of the civil war and the first period of stability since the revolution.
What impact did the NEP have on the amount of iron, steel and copper?
It increased greatly but never exceeded the amount for the last years of the Tsardom.
What were the levels of pig iron (thousand tons) in 1913, 1924 and 1926?
1913 = 4216
1924 = 755
1926 = 2441
What were the levels of steel (thousand tons) in 1913, 1924, and 1926?
1913 = 4231
1924 = 1140
1926 = 3141
What were the levels of coal (million tons) in 1913, 1924 and 1926?
1913 = 29.0
1924 = 16.1
1926 = 27.6
Why were the larger state-owned industries not successful?
They were heavily subsidised by the state and were inefficient.
How was progress uneven?
The successes in agriculture outweighed the challenges to industry.
What was the scissors crisis?
At the 12th Party Congress in 1923, Trotsky described it to show the rising industrial prices in comparison to the falling agricultural prices.
What was formed by critics as a result of the scissors crisis?
Critics of the NEP formed a rival ‘platform of 46’ composed of 46 party members, including Trotsky, who blamed the government for a lack of a coherent plan.
Why was requisitioning re-introduced in 1927?
Peasants were reluctant to sell food due to their low prices.
What was the issue with agriculture during NEP?
It was still limited in mechanisation and modernisation.
What was the issue with industry during NEP?
It was labour-intensive and inefficient. NEP did not allow the economy to take off after the initial recovery.
How many tons short of grain were the USSR to feed the towns in 1928?
20 million
Why were the USSR still seen as weak?
The rise of facism, the war scare and they were still reliant on foreign imports.
What did Stalin argue about Russia?
They were still 100-150 years behind the West.
