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Russia > NEP > Flashcards

NEP Flashcards

1
Q

When and where was the NEP introduced by Lenin?

A

10th Party Congress in March 1921

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2
Q

What does ROTCOM stand for?

A

Requisitioning abolished.
Ownership of small businesses encouraged.
Trade ban lifted.
COMmanding heights of industry with the state.

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3
Q

What was the grain requisitioning replaced with?

A

a tax in kind - which said the peasants paid part to the state but could sell and surplus for profit.

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4
Q

Why did Lenin re-open small scale businesses?

A

He realised that peasants would not sell produce unless there was goods they wanted for sale.

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5
Q

What is the significance of the NEP policy?

A

It was a retreat from Bolshevik policy of state control, allowed for a revival of the petit bourgeois and gave breathing space to revive the economy.

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6
Q

By how much did NEP increase cereal production?

A

It increased by 23% compared to 1920.

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7
Q

By how much did NEP increase factory output?

A

200%

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8
Q

By how much did NEP increase the wage of workers?

A

The average monthly wage of urban workers rose from 10.2 roubles in 1921 to 15.9 in 1923.

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9
Q

What other materials saw a rise in output?

A

Coal, steel, finished cloth and electricity.

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10
Q

By how much did NEP increase grain harvest?

A

It rose from 37.6 million tons in 1921 to 56.6 in 1923.

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11
Q

What had reached its production levels of 1913 by 1926?

A

Industry.

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12
Q

By how much did grain production from 1920 as a result of NEP?

A

over 25%

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13
Q

By how much did the amount of land under cultivation rise?

A

It rose from 90 hectares in 1921 to 7.7 million hectares in 1922 to 91.7 million.

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14
Q

What did the NEPmen do?

A

They brought up produce, grain, meat, eggs and vegetables to take to markets and sell.

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15
Q

By 1923, how much retail trade did NEPmen handle?

A

3/4

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16
Q

How many private traders was there in 1923?

A

25,000

17
Q

What significance did the initial ending of food shortages have?

A

It took the steam out of revolt and famine. It took away a part of vital opposition to the Bolsheviks.

18
Q

What did both inside and outside of the USSR feel that NEP marked the end of?

A

The communist experiment.

19
Q

Who did NEP lead to trade agreements between?

A

Germany in 1922 and Britain in 1924.

20
Q

What impact did NEP have on War Communism?

A

It improved it greatly however this was also due to the ending of the civil war and the first period of stability since the revolution.

21
Q

What impact did the NEP have on the amount of iron, steel and copper?

A

It increased greatly but never exceeded the amount for the last years of the Tsardom.

22
Q

What were the levels of pig iron (thousand tons) in 1913, 1924 and 1926?

A

1913 = 4216
1924 = 755
1926 = 2441

23
Q

What were the levels of steel (thousand tons) in 1913, 1924, and 1926?

A

1913 = 4231
1924 = 1140
1926 = 3141

24
Q

What were the levels of coal (million tons) in 1913, 1924 and 1926?

A

1913 = 29.0
1924 = 16.1
1926 = 27.6

25
Q

Why were the larger state-owned industries not successful?

A

They were heavily subsidised by the state and were inefficient.

26
Q

How was progress uneven?

A

The successes in agriculture outweighed the challenges to industry.

27
Q

What was the scissors crisis?

A

At the 12th Party Congress in 1923, Trotsky described it to show the rising industrial prices in comparison to the falling agricultural prices.

28
Q

What was formed by critics as a result of the scissors crisis?

A

Critics of the NEP formed a rival ‘platform of 46’ composed of 46 party members, including Trotsky, who blamed the government for a lack of a coherent plan.

29
Q

Why was requisitioning re-introduced in 1927?

A

Peasants were reluctant to sell food due to their low prices.

30
Q

What was the issue with agriculture during NEP?

A

It was still limited in mechanisation and modernisation.

31
Q

What was the issue with industry during NEP?

A

It was labour-intensive and inefficient. NEP did not allow the economy to take off after the initial recovery.

32
Q

How many tons short of grain were the USSR to feed the towns in 1928?

A

20 million

33
Q

Why were the USSR still seen as weak?

A

The rise of facism, the war scare and they were still reliant on foreign imports.

34
Q

What did Stalin argue about Russia?

A

They were still 100-150 years behind the West.

Russia (2 decks)

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