Neoplastic Conditions Flashcards
In general, what are the four categories of solid tumours?
Oral, Skeletal, Intrabdominal tumours, Intrathoracic tumours
What is the best way to examine an oral tumour?
FNA, biopsy (wedge/ punch) or excisional biopsy by taking the whole mass out
Oral Tumours are usually benign or malignant?
Malignant
What is the most common mouth tumour?
Melanoma- they’re especially aggressive in the mouth compared to ocular, cutaneous locations
How do we stage an oral malignant melanoma?
Radiograph/ CT- evaluate metastasis in the lungs
FNA of mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph node
[can also resect the lymph nodes to get a better look at staging]
How do we treat a primary Oral Malignant Melanomas?
mandibulectomy or maxillectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy if resection is suspected to be incomplete
What are some features of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas?
locally aggressive but with a low metastatic rate
How do we treat oral squamous cell carcinomas?
Mandibulectomy or Maxillectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy if resection is incomplete
How does Xenogeneic DNA vaccine work and which tumour is this sometimes used to treat?
Induces cytotoxic lymphocyte immune responses against melanoma cells that express tyrosinase, resulting in decreased tumour growth
- Oral melanomas
What chemotherapy treatment is preferred for Squamous Cell Carcinomas?
Carboplatin based chemotherapy
How do radiographs indicate a skeletal tumour?
There will be lysis & destruction of the cortical bone and infiltration of the medullary cavity
What is the most common type of Skeletal tumour and where does it occur most commonly?
Osteosarcoma- most commonly in the distal radius and proximal humerus
Do Osteosarcomas have a high metastatic rate?
YES!- 90%
What is the first line of treatment for an Osteosarcoma?
Amputation & Chemotherapy with Carboplatin
When amputation is not possible for the treatment of Osteosarcomas, what else can we do?
Palliative Radiotherapy & Analgesics- this is a painful condition!
