Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

dcnp > neoplasms > Flashcards

neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

leser trelat syndrome

A

sudden SKs due to chemo drugs, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sk features

A

white yellow milia cysts, comedo openings, demarcated, hairpin vessels, sulci, gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

peutz jeghers

A

lentiges on mucosa and genitalia, due to GI, breast and ovarian cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

NF 1 Features

A

> 6 CALM, > 2 plexiform neurofibromas, lisch nodules (pigmented hamartomas of iris), glioma (optic tumor) crowes sign (axillary or inguinal freckling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NF1 referrals

A

neuro, opthamology, developmental assessment, scoliosis monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

congenital melanocytic nevi sizes

A

S <1.5cm, M 1.5-19.9cm both after puberty, L >20cm BEFORE puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

junctional nevi

A

flat to slightly raised, dermo-epidermal junction, palms, soles, genitalias, mucosa in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compound nevi

A

macule with a central raised papule, dermo epidermal junction and dermis, increases in thickness during childhood and adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

intradermal nevi

A

dermis-SC, after adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

spitz nevi

A

spindle shaped melanocytes on scalp and face, legs, before adulthood, worrisome histology so remove them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ATN

A

clinical dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

histological dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mild dysplastic nevi

A

ovoid or ellipsoid shape, hyperchromatic, small nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

moderate dysplastic nevi

A

melanocyte with large, hyperchromatic, ellipsoid or rhomboid shaped with a small nucleus in center of nucleus (2-3mm margin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

severe dysplastic nevi

A

spidle or ellipsoid shape, hyperchromatic, large nuclei with distal nucleoli (5mm margin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this gene linked with MM and panc cancer

A

BRAF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

30% of MM patients have these secondary cancers

A

renal, NMSC, leukemia, prostate, breast, colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lifetime risk of MM in general population

A

1.3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lifetime risk of MM in those with ATN

A

6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lifetime risk of MM in those with ATN and FMH MM

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

risk of MM by age 70 in those with FAMMM

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

FAMMM

A

> 50 nevi with FMH of MM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

percentage of MM that are hereditary

A

5-12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

majority of MM have

A

unknown or no genetic utation, 40% with a genetic mutation have CDKN2A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

percent of MM de novo

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MM mets to

A

brain, lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

superficial spreading MM

A

70% of MM, head, neck, trunk, extremities, flat, irregular, brown black blue patch or plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nodular MM

A

10-15%, on back and extremities, raised brown black nodule with focal hemorrhage, rapidly growing lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

LM

A

face, neck, arms, 5-10%, flat irregular mottled, variated pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

acral MM

A

7%, hands, feet, asian and black pts, flat slowly growing macule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hutchinson sign

A

longitudinal pigment extending to proximal nail fold or distal digit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

amelanotic

A

2%, skin types 1-2, enlarging pink red macule, papule or nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

dermoscopy MM

A

atypical pigment network with dots, globs, vascular structures, structureless areas, regression, neg pigment network, streaks, blue white veil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

breslow

A

strongest predictor of mets, >1mm limits survival, vertically in mm from top of layer to deepest tumor involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

clark level

A

useful in outcome of thin tumors, 1: in situ, 2: invaded pap dermis, 3: filled pap dermis, 4: reticular dermis 5: invaded SC tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

histology gene mutations with MM

A

CDKN2A, BRAF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

histochemical staining

A

HMB45, S-100, MIFF, MART1, K167

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Margins with MM MMIS

A

0.5cm

39
Q

margins MM breslow < 1mm

A

1cm margin

40
Q

margin MM breslow 1-2mm

A

2cm margin

41
Q

margin MM breslow 2-4mm

A

> 2cm margin

42
Q

T

A

0-4 based on breslow depth, Tumor, a - ulcer, b- no ulcer

43
Q

N

A

Nodes, 0-3, based on nodal invasion

44
Q

M

A

mets

45
Q

pt education for MM

A

baseline FBSE, then every 3/4/6 mo, with lymph node and liver palpation. a new MMIS is dx in >20% of MM patients, 1nd invasive melanoma occurs in 5-10%.

46
Q

pyogenic granuloma

A

dome shaped papule comprised of capillaries, assoc w trauma, hormones. need a shave then electrodessication

47
Q

glomus tumor

A

blue red papule, tender, cold sensitivity, need to excise or do co2 laser

48
Q

salmon patch, nevus simplex

A

stork bite, benign capillary malformation, 30-40 percent newborns

49
Q

sturge weber

A

v1 trigeminal nerve, assoc w seizures, glaucoma, send to neuro, optho, laser

50
Q

klippel trenaunay

A

vascular malformation, venous varicosity, soft tissue hyperplasia, lymphatic disease, increase risk of clotting if increased leg girth, need cards referral,

51
Q

things that make you immunocompromised

A

UVR, CLL, AIDs

52
Q

drugs that increase risk of skin cancer

A

azathroprine and MMF

53
Q

drugs that promote skin cancr

A

cyclosporine and tacrolimus

54
Q

percent of organ transplants that develop a NMSC

A

40-70% virtually all kidney and cardiac transplant pts will develop another NMSC within 5 years of their first

55
Q

drugs that may reduce number of NMSC

A

nicotinamide, acitretin

56
Q

AK patho

A

intraepidermal precurser to SCC, UVR leads to cellular mutations which form atypical keratinocytes, leads to gene mutations and impaired apoptosis and cell proliferation –> SCC

57
Q

Percent of AK –> SCC

A

15

58
Q

imiquimod dose

A

nightly 2 weeks on, 2 weeks off, 2 weeks on

59
Q

5fu duration

A

BID x 2-6 weeks

60
Q

picato duration (ingenol mebutate)

A

3 days face or scalp, 2 days trunk or extremities

61
Q

diclofenac sodium

A

voltaren, 3 month tx

62
Q

blue light - topical aminolevulanic acid and blue light FDA approved for

A

AK, superficial BCC, low risk nodular BCC, 70-90 cure rate singlet oxygen radicals react and destroy tissue from porphyrins

63
Q

met rate of SCC

A

3%

64
Q

SCC presentation

A

dull red, firm, poorly defined, plaque or nodule with central keratin scale

65
Q

mgmt low risk SCC

A

excision

66
Q

mgmt high risk SCC

A

mohs

67
Q

high risk scc lesions

A

scalp, eyes, ears, nose, lips, genitalia, digits, scar sites, prior radiation. >1cm head and neck, >2cm on trunk and extremities

68
Q

scc histology for high risk

A

moderately poorly differentiated, peri-neural, peri-vascular, recurrent tumor

69
Q

high stage SCC

A

2 or more: diameter >2cm, tumor beyond fat, poorly differentiated, nerve invasion >0.1 == elevated nodal mets and death

70
Q

high risk scc risk of mets

A

greater than 20%

71
Q

SCCIS tx

A

edc, excision with 4-6mm margins (4mm for sccis, small lesions, well diff. 6 for large, mod diff, poor diff, perineural) - topical tx and PDT are off label

72
Q

mohs scc

A

for high risk tumors, adjuvant therapy with + margins, recurrent tumors

73
Q

Acitretin (Soriatane)

A

10mg/day for 2 months then 25mg/day. oral retinoid. slows development of multiple SCC. s/e desquamation of hands and soles, musk symptoms, headache, epistaxis. can have rebound phenom.

74
Q

BCC

A

grows slowly, rare mets, can be very destructive, risk if exposed to UVR and heavy metals, lead to DNA mutations which inactivate the PTCH tumor suppressive gene

75
Q

subtypes of low risk bcc

A

superficial, nodular. pigmented

76
Q

subtypes of high risk bcc

A

micronodular, morpheoform/sclerosing

77
Q

5FU for BCC

A

antimetabolite interferes with DNA synthesis, good for sBCC and nBcc on trunk and extremities, 5FU BID X 6 weeks, cure rate 80-90

78
Q

imiquimod for BCC

A

immune response modifier, makes t cells make interferon, for small superficial BCC on neck, trunk, extremities. Apply once daily for 5 days per week x 6 weeks

79
Q

first line for primary superficial BCC tx is

A

ed&c not for hair bearing skin though – follicular extension – this cant determine how completely tumor was removed

80
Q

bcc excision

A

4-5mm margins, low risk bccs, if not completely excised - mohs, has advantage of under microscope

81
Q

locally advanced bcc

A

invasive into underlying tissue, cartilage, bone

82
Q

met bcc

A

spead to nodes, lung, bone, liver, rare, poor prognosis - need surgery, radiation, target therapy

83
Q

erivedge

A

for recurrent, locally advanced, and met BCC. blocks ptch hedgehog pathway. 150mg daily. complete response in 7.6 months

84
Q

odomzo (sonidegib)

A

for recurrent, locally advanced bcc, not for met bcc, 200mg daily

85
Q

merkel cell carcinoma

A

primary cutaneous neuro endocrine cancer, fast, aggressive, high rates of mets and recurrence, 80-90 percent recur in 2 years

86
Q

merkel mgmt

A

bx with immunostaining, MRI, CT or PET, SLNB, adjunctive xrt post excision with 3mm margins.

87
Q

CTCL

A

class of non hodgkins lymphoma, malignant helper T cells migrate to the skin. two subtypes: MF and sezary syndrome

88
Q

early ctcl

A

local or widespread, ill defined, scaly pink red plaques

89
Q

patch ctcl

A

sharp demarcated, mottled telangiectasic, red pink scaling patches

90
Q

plaque ctcl

A

dusky red brown patches, plaques on butt, hip, thighs

91
Q

tumor ctcl

A

red brown nodules which ulcerate

92
Q

sezary syndrome

A

leukemic form of ctcl, erythroderma, hot, tender, extreme itch

93
Q

dx sezary syndrome

A

need smear, cbc, lft, bun, cr, LDH, CD4 CD8, CXR. Need numerous bx

94
Q

mgmt sezary

A

bexarotene, nitrogen mustard, extracorpeal photophoresis

dcnp (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions