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Res Quizzes > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Brain edema type in lead encephalopathy

A

Vasogenic

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2
Q

Brain edema type in malignant hypertensiln

A

Vasogenic

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3
Q

Brain edema type in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

A

Cytotoxic

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4
Q

Brain edema type in SIADH encephalopathy

A

Cytotoxic

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5
Q

Brain edema type in osmotic dysequilibrium syndrom of hemodialysis

A

Cytotoxic

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6
Q

True or False. High levels of MGMT means poor response to Temozolamide

A

True.

But if MGMT is methylated, then there is a better response

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7
Q

EGFR inhibitors

A

Erlotinib

Gefitinib

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8
Q

VEGF inhibitors

A

Bevacizumab

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9
Q

Describe the characteristic histologic findings of glioblastoma

A 
AMEN
Atypia
Mitosis
Endothelial proliferation
Necrosis

Hypercellularity with pleomorphism of cells and NUCLEAR ATYPIA; identifiable astrocytes with fibrils in combination with primitive forms in many cases; tumor giant cells and cells in MITOSIS; HYPERPLASIA OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of small vessels; and NECROSIS, hemorrhage, and thrombosis of vessels.

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10
Q

In GBM, what is the significance of

  1. EFGR gene amplification
  2. p53 gene mutation

in relation to affected age group and development of GBM

A

Amplification of the EGFR gene is characteristic in older patients with tumors that begin entirely as glioblastomas

Acquired mutations of the p53 gene tend to occur in younger indi­ viduals whose tumors progress from an astrocytoma to a glioblastoma

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11
Q

Explain the Stupp protocol

A

Temozolamide is administered daily (75 mg/m2) concurrently with radiotherapy (fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 2Gy given 5 days per week for a total of 60Gy) for 6 weeks and, after a hiatus of 4 weeks, given at 150 to 200mg/m2 for 5 days every 28 days for 6 cycles.

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12
Q

In GBM, what is median survival rate when Stupp protocol is followed?

A

14.6 months

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13
Q

In GBM, what is the median survival rate with surgical removal and radiotherapy (no chemotherapy with temozolamide) alone?

A

12 months

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14
Q

In GBM, what is the median survival rate without treatment?

A

7-9 months

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15
Q

Instead of alpha ketoglutarate, what substrate is produced by a mutated IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) produce?

A

2- hydroxyglutarate (2HG)

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16
Q

True or false.
Radiofrequency energy exposure for portable cellular devices has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as “possibly carcinogenic.”

A

True.
Radiofrequency energy exposure from portable cellular devices has failed to be linked to elevated incidence of meningiomas (or gliomas), however due to some inconclusive data, and mainly social pressure, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as “possibly carcinogenic.”

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17
Q

Explain why meningiomas are more common in women than in men

A

Some meningiomas contain estrogen and pro­ gesterone receptors. The implications of these findings are not yet clear, but may relate to the increased incidence of the tumor in women, its tendency to enlarge during pregnancy, and an association with breast cancer.

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18
Q

These are laminated calcific bodies seen in Meningiomas

A

Psammoma Bodies

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19
Q

What is the most common form of Meningioma?

A

Meningothelial Form

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20
Q

According to the WHO 2016, meningioma with brain invasion is what grade?

A

Grade II

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21
Q

What are the malignant cells in lymphoma

A

B lymphocytes

rarely, T lymphocytes

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22
Q

This is a purely meningeal form of B cell lymphoma that involves the peripheral nerves presenting with painful, predominantly motor polyradiculopathies

A

Neurolymphomatosis

23
Q

Lymphoma: Reticulin stain

Positive or negative?

A

Positive

24
Q

What viral genome is implicated in PCNSL?

A

EBV genome

25
Q

What are the top 3 most common sources of brain metastasis?

A

1st: lung
2nd: breast
3rd: melanoma

26
Q

Metastatic tumors most likely to be solitary

A

kidney,
breast,
thyroid,
adenocarcinoma of the lung

27
Q

Metastatic tumors most likely to be multiple

A

small cell carcinomas and melanomas

28
Q

metastatic tumors most likely to cause intratumoral haemorrhage

A 
melanoma
choriocarcinoma
lung Ca
thyroid Ca
renal Ca
29
Q

Dose of whole brain irradiation for brain metastasis

A

10 doses of 300 cGy fragmented over a 2 week period

30
Q

Serious complication of combination of radiation and intrathecal and intravenous methotrexate

A

Necrotizing Leukoencephalopathy

31
Q

It is a solid, green coloured mass of myelogenous leukaemic cells that may infiltrate the dura

A

Chloroma

32
Q

True or false: systemic lymphoma rarely metastasize to the brain

A

True.

33
Q

Mode of action of METHOTREXATE

A

Inhibition of folic acid reductase, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and inhibition of cellular replication

34
Q

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is also known as?

A

Castleman Disease

35
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of cerebellar degeneration?

A

Anti-Yo (anti-Purkinje cell)

36
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Encephalomyelitis?

A

Anti-Hu (ANNA 1)
Anti-Ma
Anti-NMDA

37
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia?

A

Anti-Ri (ANNA 2)

38
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Retinal degeneration?

A

Antirecoverin (Anti-CAR)

39
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Subacute sensory neuropathy and neuronopathy?

A

Anti-Hu (ANNA-1)

40
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?

A

Anti-voltage-gated (VGCG) calcium channel

41
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Stiff man syndrome?

A

Antiamphiphysin

42
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Chorea?

A

Anti-Hu

Anti-CRMP-5

43
Q

What is the associated antibody in paraneoplastic syndrome of Optic neuropathy?

A

Anti-CRMP-5

44
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of cerebellar degeneration?

A

Ovary, fallopian tube, lung, Hodgkin disease (anti-Tr)

45
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Encephalomyelitis

A

Small cell lung, neuroblastoma, prostate, breast, Hodgkin, testicular (Ma), Ovarian (and other site), teratoma

46
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia?

A

Breast, fallopian tube, small cell lung

47
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Retinal degeneration?

A

Small cell lung, thymoma, renal cell, melanoma

48
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Subacute sensory neuropathy and neuronopathy?

A

Small cell lung, Hodgkin, other lymphomas

49
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?

A

Small cell lung, Hodgkin, other lymphomas

50
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Stiff man syndrome?

A

Breast

51
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Chorea?

A

Lung, Hodgkin, others

52
Q

What are the associated tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome of Optic neuropathy?

A

Lung

53
Q

What is the molecular signature of an ASTROCYTOMA?

A

Tp53/IDH/ATRX

intact 1p/19q

Res Quizzes (18 decks)

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