neoplasms

Question 1

breast cancer RF

Answer 1

*Genetics – BRCA 1 & BRCA 2, first degree relative
*Increasing age – >50% occur in >60yo
*Increased number of menstrual cycles – nulliparity, later first full-term pregnancy >35yrs, early onset of menarche (<12yr), late menopause, never having breastfed
*Increased estrogen exposure – postmenopausal HRT, prolonged unopposed estrogen therapy, obesity, alcohol use
*endometrial cancer increases risk for breast cancer and vice versa

Question 2

strongest RF of breast cancer

Answer 2

female gender, age

these are the #1’s

Question 3

cervical carcinoma RF

Answer 3

1 HPV (associated w/ 99.7%) esp. 16 & 18

*early onset of sexual activity, ↑ # of sexual partners, smoking, DES exposure, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, immunosuppression, STIs

Question 4

endometrial cancer RF

Answer 4

increased estrogen exposure (e.g., nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause), chronic anovulation, PCOS, obesity, estrogen-only hormonal therapy, tamoxifen, diabetes, Lynch syndrome

Question 5

ovarian neoplasms RF

Answer 5

increased number of ovulatory cycles (e.g., nulliparity, infertility, >50yrs, early menarche, late menopause), family hx, Caucasian race, infertility

*Genetics: BRCA1 or BRCA2, Peutz-Jehgers, Turner’s syndrome, Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)

Question 6

breast mastitis RF

Answer 6

age >30yrs, gestational age ≥41wks, 1st pregnancy, tobacco use