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FMS part 2 > Neoplasm- Dr. Fischer > Flashcards

Neoplasm- Dr. Fischer Flashcards

1
Q

Two basic components of tumors

A

Tumor parenchyma

Reactive stroma

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2
Q

Tumor parenchyma

A

neoplastic cells

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3
Q

reactive stroma

A
  • Connective tissue, includes fibrous tissue, blood vessels and inflammatory cells
  • In many malignant tumors connective tissue contains abundant collagen and is firm: Desmoplasia (desmoplastic stroma)
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4
Q

Fibrous tissue benign

A

fribroma

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5
Q

adipose tissue benign

A

lipoma

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6
Q

cartilage benign

A

chondroma

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7
Q

bone benign

A

osteoma

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8
Q

blood vessels benign

A

hemangioma

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9
Q

lymph vessels bengin

A

lymphangioma

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10
Q

smooth muscle benign

A

leiomyoma

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11
Q

striated muscle bengin

A

rhabdomyoma

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12
Q

fibrous tissue malignant

A

fibrosarcoma

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13
Q

adipose tissue malignant

A

liposarcoma

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14
Q

cartilage malignant

A

chondrosarcoma

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15
Q

bone malignant

A

osteosarcoma

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16
Q

blood vessels malignant

A

angiosarcoma

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17
Q

lymph vessels malignant

A

lymphangiosarcom

18
Q

smooth muscle malignant

A

leiomyosarcoma

19
Q

striated muscle malignant

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

20
Q

benign tumors from glands

A

adenoma

21
Q

benign epithelial that make fingerlike projections

A

papilloma

22
Q

benign cystic masses

A

cystadenoma

23
Q

benign projections above mucosal surface

A

polyp

24
Q

malignant tumors from glands

A

adenocarcinoma

25
Q

malignant squamous epithelium

A

squamous cell carcinoma

26
Q

malignant kidney cells

A

renal cell carcinoma

27
Q

malignant liver cells

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

28
Q

fibroadenoma

A
  • benign neoplasm of breast

- biphasic: derived from fibroblasts and glandular tissue

29
Q

teratoma

A
  • tumor arising from totipotent germ cells in testis or ovaries
  • can form somatic tissues derived from all three germ layers
30
Q

seminoma

A

in testis

31
Q

local invasion types

A
  • Benign: circumscribed

- malignant: infiltrative, locally invasive

32
Q

well differentiated

A

tumor closely resembles original tissue

33
Q

poorly differentiated

A

little or no resemblance to original tissue

34
Q

anaplastic

A

no resemblance to original tissue

35
Q

dysplasia

A
  • Loss of architectural orientation
  • Loss of uniformity
  • Nuclear pleomorphism
  • Large hyperchromatic nuclei with high nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
  • Disordered growth
  • Most common in epithelial organs
  • Can be precursor lesion to invasive cancer
  • Dysplasia: intact BM
  • Invasive cancer: breach
36
Q

Rate of growth and proliferation

A
  • Benign usually slow, malignant usually fast → not reliable predictor
  • Tumor necrosis is feature of malignant tumors
  • Rapidly growing cancers may outgrow blood supply and cause ischemia and tumor necrosis
37
Q

Metastatic cascasde

A
  • Cells cross BM and invade vessel
  • Can travel in bloodstream, lymph, and along nerves
  • Colon cancer likes to metastasize to the liver
38
Q

once cells acquire enough damage to leave and become malignant

A
  • loss of e-cadherins
  • loss of contact and communication
  • degrade underlying matrix (collagenases and can release GF)
  • use different set of integrins to adhere and migrate and invade
39
Q

EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT)

A
  • To acquire motility and invasiveness cancer cells increase and decrease gene expression
  • Downregulate epithelial markers (e-cadherin)
  • Increase mesenchymal markers like vimentin and smooth muscle actin
  • Favors pro-migratory phenotype
  • SNAIL and TWIST transcription factors (Repressors for e-cadherin)
40
Q

SEED AND SOIL

A

Many tumors arrest in first capillary bed they encounter

Primary tumors preferentially metastasize to certain sites

  • Colon carcinoma to liver
  • Prostate carcinoma to bone
  • Lung cancer to adrenal glands

Organ tropism of cancer

  • Endothelial cells at metastatic sites may express adhesion molecules or chemokines
  • Microenvironment may express chemokines that attract cancer cells
41
Q

tumor microenvironment components

A 
Cancer cells
Cancer associated fibroblasts
Pericytes
Endothelial 
Tumor promoting inflammatory cells
Extracellular matrix
42
Q

Tumor microenvironment makes use of

A 
Proteases
TGF-beta
HGF
PDGF
VEGF
Ang-1
Etc

FMS part 2 (7 decks)

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